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Dirty war: chemical weapon use and domestic repression

机译：肮脏的战争：化学武器的使用和家庭镇压

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The utilization of chemical weapons to quash domestic rebellion is a drastic action for a regime facing domestic challengers to take, especially given the reputation costs and risk of international intervention. However, recent developments have illustrated that some regimes have contemplated and implemented extraordinary measures (including the use of chemical munitions) to quash rebellion. This study addresses the question of why some states utilize chemical weapons against domestic challengers while others refrain from this level of state repression. I argue that the utilization of chemical weapons has both domestic and international elements. Specifically, that ethnic cleavages that lead to secessionist challenges and factors associated with inter-state rivalry impact the likelihood that a state utilizes the employment of chemical munitions. I test my argument and other explanations regarding repression with a casestudy approach utilizing captured Iraqi Government documents comparing Iraq's Al-Anfal campaigns with developments during the recent Syrian Civil War.
机译：对于面对国内挑战者的政权而言，利用化学武器来镇压国内叛乱是一项严峻的行动，特别是考虑到声誉成本和国际干预的风险。但是，最近的事态发展表明，某些政权已经考虑并实施了非常规措施（包括使用化学弹药）来平息叛乱。这项研究解决了以下问题：为什么有些州对国内挑战者使用化学武器，而另一些州却避免这种状态的镇压。我认为使用化学武器既有国内因素，也有国际因素。具体而言，种族分裂导致分裂主义挑战以及与国家间竞争相关的因素，影响了国家利用化学弹药的可能性。我使用个案研究方法来检验我的论证和其他有关镇压的解释，这些方法是利用伊拉克政府捕获的文件，将伊拉克的Al-Anfal战役与最近叙利亚内战期间的事态发展进行比较。

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