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The proliferation of drones to violent nonstate actors

机译：无人机扩散到暴力的非敌行动者

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摘要

Scholarship on the proliferation of unmanned aerial vehicles (or drones) mainly focuses on states' use, sidestepping the consequential proliferation of drone technology to violent nonstate actors (VNSAs). Meanwhile, an increasing corpus of media, military, and policy publications underscores the latter's importance. The source of the gap is that existing proliferation models overlook civilian drone technologies. Applying supply- and demand-side proliferation models, we confirm conventional wisdom that military-grade drones are not likely to proliferate to VNSAs. Including civilian drones inverts proliferation logic across the boards. Shifting from cost-prohibitive, inaccessible, and technically complex military technologies to cheap, simple civilian platforms, we demonstrate that VNSAs have the resources, capacity, and interest to effectively incorporate drone programs to advance their aims. Furthermore, in context of state and nonstate actors' security environments and normative constraints, the proliferation of civilian drones matters for international security. Norm-abiding states need expensive, high-performance, norm-enabling drones. For norm-defying VNSAs, civilian platforms are sufficient, even efficient, to advance their agendas.
机译：奖学金对无人机（或无人机）的扩散主要关注各国的使用，将无人机技术的后果性扩散偏重于暴力的非敌人行动者（VNSAS）。与此同时，媒体，军事和政策出版物的增加越来越多地强调了后者的重要性。差距的来源是现有的增殖模型忽视了平民无人机技术。应用供应和需求侧扩散模型，我们确认常规智慧，即军事级无人机不太可能扩散到VNSAS。包括民用无人机在董事会上反转扩散逻辑。从成本禁止，无法进入和技术上复杂的军事技术转移到便宜，简单的平民平台，我们证明了VNSAS有资源，能力和兴趣，以有效地纳入无人机计划来推进其目标。此外，在国家和非国有行为者的安全环境和规范制约因素的背景下，平民无人机的扩散对国际安全的事项。常规状态需要昂贵，高性能，可实现无人机。对于规范缺乏VNSAS，平民平台足够，甚至高效，促进其议程。

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