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Military advising and assistance in Somalia: fragmented interveners, fragmented Somali military forces

机译：军事建议和援助在索马里：碎片介入，分散的索马里军队

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摘要

Southern Somalia has attracted substantial military aid and assistance for decades. As the state disintegrated in the late 1980s, clan dynamics became more critical, warlords emerged, and power bases shifted. Since 2008, the number of foreign military forces and advisors (including private military contractors) has substantially increased, as has the creation of numerous Somali security units. Such actions are symptomatic of broader trends concerning multilateral attempts to rebuild security forces in fractious states, where security assistance activities lack unity or common national interests. This has resulted in various Somali military forces with different loyalties (domestic and international), capabilities, and priorities in each Federal Member State (FMS). Uneven foreign military training programs in the context of survival politics fuels the fragmentation of various security forces. Locally appropriate military forces in each FMS potentially appear to be more effective at resisting Al-Shabaab. However, locally appropriate military forces contribute to further fragmentation, as security donors bypass the Federal Government of Somalia (FGS) to directly assist these localized forces. This accelerates devolution of military forces outside of FGS control. These assessments are based on fieldwork and interviews with security officials in East Africa.
机译：索马里南部已经吸引了大量的军事援助和援助数十年。随着国家在20世纪80年代后期解体的状态，氏族动力学变得更加重要，动力源，电力基地转移。自2008年以来，外国军队和顾问（包括私人军事承包商）的人数大幅增加，这是众多索马里安全单位的创造。这些行动是更广泛趋势的对症状，关于多边试图重建严重状态的安全部队，安全援助活动缺乏团结或共同的国家利益。这导致各种索马里军队，具有不同的忠诚（国内和国际），能力和每个联邦成员国（FMS）的优先事项。在生存政治的背景下，外国军事培训计划不均匀，促进各种安全部队的碎片。每个FMS的当地合适的军事力量可能似乎更有效地抵抗Al-Shabaab。然而，当局部适当的军事部队有助于进一步破碎，因为安全捐助者绕过索马里联邦政府（FGS）直接协助这些局部部队。这加速了FGS控制之外的军事力量的可行性。这些评估基于对东非的安全官员的实地工作和访谈。

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  • 来源
    《Defence Studies》 |2021年第2期|181-203|共23页
  • 作者

    Colin D. Robinson; Jahara Matisek;

  • 作者单位

    Sahan Research in Nairobi Kenya 2018-2020;

    US Air Force Academy;

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