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Pollution loads and surface water quality in the Kizilirmak Basin, Turkey

机译：土耳其Kizilirmak盆地的污染负荷和地表水质量

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摘要

A detailed study on the calculation of pollution loads and surface water quality classification was one of the most important outputs of the project on the preparation of watershed protection plans for the Kizilirmak Basin. For this purpose, the pollution loads for chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus (TP) were calculated. The water quality classes of surface waters were determined based on Turkish regulations using the data obtained by the State Hydraulic Works between the years 2003 and 2009. The pollution loads and the surface water quality of rivers were displayed as maps using the geographic information systems. The connection between point and non-point pollution sources and water quality was examined. According to the obtained data, the main factors, which lead to environmental pressure on the surface waters in the Kizilirmak Basin, are non-point-source pollution originating from widespread agriculture and livestock breeding, solid waste dumping sites, and excessive salinity due to the natural formation and point-source pollution due to untreated domestic and industrial wastewaters. As a result of these pressures polluted rivers, namely Acicay, Delice, Sarimsakli, Kirsehir, and Yozgat creeks, were determined as hot spots in the basin. The water was polluted (Quality Class Ⅲ) or highly polluted (Quality Class Ⅳ) in these rivers as measured by parameters such as COD, biochemical oxygen demand, ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N), TP, total dissolved solids, sulfate (SO_4~(2-)), and sodium and chloride ions (Na~+, Cl~-).
机译：对污染负荷的计算和地表水水质分类的详细研究是该项目在准备Kizilirmak盆地流域保护计划方面的最重要成果之一。为此，计算了化学需氧量（COD），总悬浮固体，总氮和总磷（TP）的污染负荷。地表水的水质等级是根据土耳其的法规，使用国家水利局2003年至2009年获得的数据确定的。河流污染负荷和地表水水质使用地理信息系统以地图显示。检查了点和非点污染源与水质之间的联系。根据获得的数据，导致基齐尔马克盆地地表水环境压力的主要因素是非面源污染，源于广泛的农业和畜牧业繁殖，固体废物倾倒场以及由于盐碱化导致的盐分过多。未经处理的生活和工业废水导致自然形成和点源污染。由于这些压力，被污染的河流被确定为流域的热点地区，这些河流包括Acicay，Delice，Sarimsakli，Kirsehir和Yozgat小河。根据COD，生化需氧量，铵态氮（NH4-N），总磷，总溶解固体，硫酸盐（SO_4〜）等参数测量，这些河流的水被污染（Ⅲ类）或高度污染（Ⅳ类）。 （2-）），以及钠和氯离子（Na〜+，Cl〜-）。

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