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Dissolved Gases and Ice Fracturing During the Freezing of a Multicellular Organism: Lessons from Tardigrades

机译:多细胞生物冻结期间的溶解气体和冰压裂:Tardigrades的教训

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Three issues are critical for successful cryopreservation of multicellular material: gases dissolved in liquid, thermal conductivity of the tissue, and localization of microstructures. Here we show that heat distribution is controlled by the gas amount dissolved in liquids and that when changing the liquid into solid, the dissolved gases either form bubbles due to the absence of space in the lattice of solids and/or are migrated toward the concentrated salt and sugar solution at the cost of amount of heat required to be removed to complete a solid-state transition. These factors affect the heat distribution in the organs to be cryopreserved. We show that the gas concentration issue controls fracturing of ice when freezing. There are volumetric changes not only when changing the liquid into solid (volume increases) but also reduction of the volume when reaching lower temperatures (volume decreases). We discuss these issues parallel with observations of the cryosurvivability of multicellular organisms, tardigrades, and discuss their analogy for cryopreservation of large organs.
机译:成功冷冻保存多细胞材料的三个问题至关重要:溶解在液体中的气体,组织的导热性和微结构的定位。在这里,我们表明热量的分布受溶解在液体中的气体量的控制,并且当将液体变成固体时,溶解的气体由于固体晶格中没有空间而形成气泡和/或向浓盐迁移和糖溶液的成本是要完成固态转变需要除去的热量。这些因素影响要冷冻保存的器官中的热分布。我们表明,冻结时气体浓度问题控制着冰的破裂。不仅当将液体变成固体时,体积会发生变化(体积增加),而当温度降低时,体积也会减小(体积减小)。我们讨论这些问题与多细胞生物,tardigrades的冷冻生存能力的观察,并讨论大型器官的冷冻保存的类比。

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