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Life cycle and population growth rate of Caenorhabditis elegans studied by a new method

机译：一种新方法研究秀丽隐杆线虫的生命周期和种群增长率

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Background The free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is the predominant model organism in biological research, being used by a huge number of laboratories worldwide. Many researchers have evaluated life-history traits of C. elegans in investigations covering quite different aspects such as ecotoxicology, inbreeding depression and heterosis, dietary restriction/supplement, mutations, and ageing. Such traits include juvenile growth rates, age at sexual maturity, adult body size, age-specific fecundity/mortality, total reproduction, mean and maximum lifespan, and intrinsic population growth rates. However, we found that in life-cycle experiments care is needed regarding protocol design. Here, we test a recently developed method that overcomes some problems associated with traditional cultivation techniques. In this fast and yet precise approach, single individuals are maintained within hanging drops of semi-fluid culture medium, allowing the simultaneous investigation of various life-history traits at any desired degree of accuracy. Here, the life cycles of wild-type C. elegans strains N2 (Bristol, UK) and MY6 (Münster, Germany) were compared at 20°C with 5 × 109 Escherichia coli ml-1 as food source. Results High-resolution life tables and fecundity schedules of the two strains are presented. Though isolated 700 km and 60 years apart from each other, the two strains barely differed in life-cycle parameters. For strain N2 (n = 69), the intrinsic rate of natural increase (rmd-1), calculated according to the Lotka equation, was 1.375, the net reproductive rate (R0) 291, the mean generation time (T) 90 h, and the minimum generation time (Tmin) 73.0 h. The corresponding values for strain MY6 (n = 72) were rm = 1.460, R0 = 289, T = 84 h, and Tmin = 67.3 h. Peak egg-laying rates in both strains exceeded 140 eggs d-1. Juvenile and early adulthood mortality was negligible. Strain N2 lived, on average, for 16.7 d, while strain MY6 died 2 days earlier; however, differences in survivorship curves were statistically non-significant. Conclusion We found no evidence that adaptation to the laboratory altered the life history traits of C. elegans strain N2. Our results, discussed in the light of earlier studies on C. elegans, demonstrate certain advantages of the hanging drop method in investigations of nematode life cycles. Assuming that its reproducibility is validated in further studies, the method will reduce the inter-laboratory variability of life-history estimates and may ultimately prove to be more convenient than the current standard methods used by C. elegans researchers.
机译：背景技术自由生存的线虫秀丽隐杆线虫是生物学研究中的主要模式生物，已被全世界大量实验室使用。许多研究人员在调查秀丽隐杆线虫的生活史特征时，涉及生态毒理学，近亲衰退和杂种优势，饮食限制/补充，突变和衰老等非常不同的方面。这些特征包括少年的增长率，性成熟的年龄，成年的体形，按年龄划分的生育力/死亡率，总繁殖，平均寿命和最大寿命以及固有人口增长率。但是，我们发现在生命周期实验中，在协议设计方面需要谨慎。在这里，我们测试了一种最新开发的方法，该方法克服了与传统栽培技术相关的一些问题。在这种快速而精确的方法中，将单个个体保持在半流体培养基的垂悬液滴中，从而可以以任何所需的准确度同时研究各种生命历史特征。在这里，将野生型秀丽隐杆线虫菌株N2（英国布里斯托尔）和MY6（德国明斯特）的生命周期在20°C与5×10 9 大肠杆菌ml 进行了比较。 -1 作为食物来源。结果给出了两种菌株的高分辨率寿命表和繁殖力时间表。尽管这两个菌株相距700公里，相距60年，但它们的生命周期参数几乎没有差异。对于N2菌株（n = 69），根据Lotka方程计算的固有自然增长率（r m d -1 ）为1.375，即净生殖速率（R 0 ）291，平均生成时间（T）90小时和最小生成时间（T min ）73.0小时。菌株MY6（n = 72）的相应值为r m = 1.460，R 0 = 289，T = 84 h和T min = 67.3小时。两种菌株的最高产卵率均超过140 d -1 。少年和成年早期死亡率可忽略不计。 N2菌株平均存活16.7 d，而MY6菌株则提前2天死亡。但是，生存曲线的差异在统计学上不显着。结论我们发现没有证据表明适应实验室改变了秀丽隐杆线虫菌株N2的生活史特征。我们的结果，根据线虫的早期研究进行了讨论，证明了滴线法在研究线虫生命周期中的某些优势。假设其可重复性在进一步的研究中得到验证，该方法将减少生命史估计值的实验室间变异性，并且最终可能证明比秀丽隐杆线虫研究人员当前使用的标准方法更方便。

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