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首页> 外文期刊>BMC Evolutionary Biology >Population variation in brain size of nine-spined sticklebacks ( Pungitius pungitius ) - local adaptation or environmentally induced variation?
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Population variation in brain size of nine-spined sticklebacks ( Pungitius pungitius ) - local adaptation or environmentally induced variation?

机译：九旋棘鱼（Pungitius pungitius）的大脑大小的种群变异-局部适应还是环境诱导的变异？

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Most evolutionary studies on the size of brains and different parts of the brain have relied on interspecific comparisons, and have uncovered correlations between brain architecture and various ecological, behavioural and life-history traits. Yet, similar intraspecific studies are rare, despite the fact that they could better determine how selection and phenotypic plasticity influence brain architecture. We investigated the variation in brain size and structure in wild-caught nine-spined sticklebacks (Pungitius pungitius) from eight populations, representing marine, lake, and pond habitats, and compared them to data from a previous common garden study from a smaller number of populations. Brain size scaled hypo-allometrically with body size, irrespective of population origin, with a common slope of 0.5. Both absolute and relative brain size, as well as relative telencephalon, optic tectum and cerebellum size, differed significantly among the populations. Further, absolute and relative brain sizes were larger in pond than in marine populations, while the telencephalon tended to be larger in marine than in pond populations. These findings are partly incongruent with previous common garden results. A direct comparison between wild and common garden fish from the same populations revealed a habitat-specific effect: pond fish had relatively smaller brains in a controlled environment than in the wild, while marine fish were similar. All brain parts were smaller in the laboratory than in the wild, irrespective of population origin. Our results indicate that variation among populations is large, both in terms of brain size and in the size of separate brain parts in wild nine-spined sticklebacks. However, the incongruence between the wild and common garden patterns suggests that much of the population variation found in the wild may be attributable to environmentally induced phenotypic plasticity. Given that the brain is among the most plastic organs in general, the results emphasize the view that common garden data are required to draw firm evolutionary conclusions from patterns of brain size variability in the wild.
机译：关于大脑大小和大脑不同部位的大多数进化研究都依赖于种间比较，并且揭示了大脑结构与各种生态，行为和生活历史特征之间的相关性。然而，尽管它们可以更好地确定选择和表型可塑性如何影响大脑结构，但相似的种内研究却很少见。我们调查了代表海洋，湖泊和池塘生境的8个种群的野生捕获的9棘刺棘鱼（Pungitius pungitius）的大脑大小和结构的变化，并将其与先前从较小数量的普通花园研究获得的数据进行了比较人口。无论体型如何，大脑大小均与身体大小呈异位滴定关系，共同斜率为0.5。绝对和相对大脑大小，以及相对脑神经，视神经顶盖和小脑大小，在人群中有显着差异。此外，池塘中的绝对和相对大脑大小比海洋种群大，而海洋中的端脑往往比池塘种群大。这些发现与先前的常见花园研究结果部分不一致。来自相同种群的野生鱼和普通花园鱼之间的直接比较显示了特定于栖息地的效果：在受控环境中，池塘鱼的大脑比野生鱼小，而海洋鱼相似。无论种群来源如何，实验室中的所有大脑部分都比野外小。我们的结果表明，无论是在大脑大小还是在野生的九旋棘鱼中，大脑各个部分的大小都存在很大差异。但是，野生和常见花园模式之间的不一致表明，在野生环境中发现的许多种群变异都可能归因于环境诱导的表型可塑性。鉴于大脑通常是最可塑的器官之一，因此该结果强调了这样一种观点，即需要使用常见的花园数据才能从野外大脑大小变异的模式得出可靠的进化结论。

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