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首页> 外文期刊>BMC Evolutionary Biology >The role of ecological variation in driving divergence of sexual and non-sexual traits in the red-backed fairy-wren (Malurus melanocephalus)
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The role of ecological variation in driving divergence of sexual and non-sexual traits in the red-backed fairy-wren (Malurus melanocephalus)

机译：生态变异在驱动红背神-（Malurus melanocephalus）性和非性性状发散中的作用

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Background Many species exhibit geographic variation in sexual signals, and divergence in these traits may lead to speciation. Sexual signals may diverge due to differences in ecology if the environment constrains signal production or transmission. Alternatively, sexual signals may diverge stochastically through sexual selection or genetic drift, with little environmental influence. To distinguish between these alternatives we quantified variation in two putative sexual signals – tail length and plumage color – and a suite of non-sexual morphometric traits across the geographic range of the red-backed fairy-wren (Malurus melanocephalus). We then tested for associations between these traits and a number of environmental variables using generalized dissimilarity models. Results Variation in morphometric traits was explained well by environmental variation, irrespective of geographic distance between sites. Among putative signals, variation in plumage color was best explained by geographic distance, whereas tail length was best explained by environmental variation. Divergence in male plumage color was not coincident with the boundary between genetic lineages, but was greatest across a contact zone located 300?km east of the genetic boundary. Conclusions Morphometric traits describing size and shape have likely been subject to ecological selection and thus appear to track local environmental variation regardless of subspecies identity. Ecological selection appears to have also influenced the evolution of tail length as a signal, but has played a limited role in shaping geographic variation in plumage color, consistent with stochastic divergence in concert with Fisherian selection on this trait. The lack of coincidence between the genetic boundary and the contact zone between plumage types suggests that the sexual plumage signal of one subspecies has introgressed into the genetic background of the other. Thus, this study provides insight into the various ways in which signal evolution may occur within a species, and the geographic patterns of signal variation that can arise, especially following secondary contact.
机译：背景许多物种在性信号方面表现出地理差异，这些性状的差异可能导致物种形成。如果环境限制信号的产生或传播，由于生态的差异，性信号可能会发散。另外，性信号可能会通过性选择或遗传漂移而随机发散，而对环境的影响很小。为了区分这些选择，我们量化了两个假定的性信号（尾巴的长度和羽毛的颜色）的变化，以及在整个红背神-（Malurus melanocephalus）的地理范围内的一系列非性形态特征。然后，我们使用广义不相似模型测试了这些特征与许多环境变量之间的关联。结果形态特征的变化可以通过环境变化很好地解释，而与站点之间的地理距离无关。在推定的信号中，羽毛颜色的变化最好用地理距离来解释，而尾巴长度最好用环境变化来解释。雄性羽毛颜色的发散与遗传谱系之间的边界并不吻合，但在遗传边界以东300公里处的接触区最大。结论描述大小和形状的形态特征可能已经受到生态选择的影响，因此无论亚种身份如何，其形态特征似乎都可以追踪局部环境变化。生态选择似乎也作为信号影响了尾巴长度的演变，但在塑造羽毛颜色的地理变化方面发挥了有限的作用，这与随机性发散相一致，与该特性的渔业选择相一致。遗传边界和羽毛类型之间的接触区之间缺乏一致，这表明一种亚种的有性羽毛信号已经渗入到另一种亚种的遗传背景中。因此，本研究提供了对物种内信号进化可能发生的各种方式的见解，以及可能出现的信号变化的地理模式的见解，尤其是在二次接触之后。

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