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Becoming a general practitioner - Which factors have most impact on career choice of medical students?

机译：成为全科医生-哪些因素对医学生的职业选择影响最大？

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Background In Germany, there is a shortage of young physicians in several specialties, the situation of general practitioners (GP) being especially precarious. The factors influencing the career choice of German medical students are poorly understood. This study aims to identify factors influencing medical students' specialty choice laying a special focus on general practice. Methods The study was designed as a cross-sectional survey. In 2010, students at the five medical schools in the federal state of Baden-Wuerttemberg (Germany) filled out an online-questionnaire. On 27 items with 5-point Likert scales, the students rated the importance of specified individual and occupational aspects. Furthermore, students were asked to assign their intended medical specialty. Results 1,299 students participated in the survey. Thereof, 1,114 students stated a current choice for a specialty, with 708 students choosing a career in one of the following 6 specialties: internal medicine, surgery, gynaecology and obstetrics, paediatrics, anaesthetics and general practice. Overall, individual aspects ('Personal ambition', 'Future perspective', 'Work-life balance') were rated as more important than occupational aspects (i.e. 'Variety in job', 'Job-related ambition') for career choice. For students favouring a career as a GP individual aspects and the factor 'Patient orientation' among the occupational aspects were significantly more important and 'Job-related ambition' less important compared to students with other specialty choices. Conclusions This study confirms that future GPs differ from students intending to choose other specialties particularly in terms of patient-orientation and individual aspects such as personal ambition, future perspective and work-life balance. Improving job-conditions in terms of family compatibility and work-life balance could help to increase the attractiveness of general practice. Due to the shortage of GPs those factors should be made explicit at an early stage at medical school to increase the number of aspirants for general practice.
机译：背景技术在德国，几个专业缺少年轻医师，全科医生（GP）的状况尤其不稳定。影响德国医学生职业选择的因素知之甚少。这项研究旨在确定影响医学生专业选择的因素，特别关注普通实践。方法本研究被设计为横断面调查。 2010年，联邦州巴登-符腾堡州（德国）的五所医学院的学生填写了在线问卷。在27个五点李克特量表上，学生对特定的个人和职业方面的重要性进行了评估。此外，还要求学生分配他们想要的医学专业。结果1,299名学生参加了调查。其中，有1,114名学生陈述了当前选择的专业，其中708名学生选择了以下6个专业之一中的职业：内科，外科，妇产科，儿科，麻醉学和全科。总体而言，在职业选择方面，个人方面（“个人抱负”，“未来观点”，“工作与生活平衡”）被认为比职业方面（即“工作中的多样性”，“与工作相关的抱负”）更重要。对于喜欢作为GP的职业的学生，​​与具有其他专业选择的学生相比，个人方面和职业方面的“患者定向”因素更为重要，而“与工作相关的野心”则不那么重要。结论本研究证实，未来的全科医生与打算选择其他专业的学生有所不同，特别是在以患者为导向和个人方面，例如个人志向，未来远景和工作与生活平衡方面。在家庭兼容性和工作与生活平衡方面改善工作条件可以帮助提高全科医师的吸引力。由于全科医生的短缺，应在医学院的早期阶段明确这些因素，以增加全科医师的积极性。

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