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首页> 外文期刊>BMC Evolutionary Biology >GPR50 is the mammalian ortholog of Mel1c: Evidence of rapid evolution in mammals
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GPR50 is the mammalian ortholog of Mel1c: Evidence of rapid evolution in mammals

机译：GPR50是Mel1c的哺乳动物直系同源物：在哺乳动物中快速进化的证据

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Background The melatonin receptor subfamily contains three members Mel1a, Mel1b and Mel1c, found in all vertebrates except for Mel1c which is found only in fish, Xenopus species and the chicken. Another receptor, the melatonin related receptor known as GPR50, found exclusively in mammals and later identified as a member of the melatonin receptor subfamily because of its identity to the three melatonin receptors despite its absence of affinity for melatonin. The aim of this study was to describe the evolutionary relationships between GPR50 and the three other members of the melatonin receptor subfamily. Results Using an in silico approach, we demonstrated that GPR50 is the ortholog of the high affinity Mel1c receptor. It was necessary to also study the synteny of this gene to reach this conclusion because classical mathematical models that estimate orthology and build phylogenetic trees were not sufficient. The receptor has been deeply remodelled through evolution by the mutation of numerous amino acids and by the addition of a long C-terminal tail. These alterations have modified its affinity for melatonin and probably affected its interactions with the other two known melatonin receptors MT1 and MT2 that are encoded by Mel1a and Mel1b genes respectively. Evolutionary studies provided evidence that the GPR50 group evolved under different selective pressure as compared to the orthologous groups Me11 a, b, and c. Conclusion This study demonstrated that there are only three members in the melatonin receptor subfamily with one of them (Me11c) undergoing rapid evolution from fishes and birds to mammals. Further studies are necessary to investigate the physiological roles of this receptor.
机译：背景褪黑素受体亚家族包含三个成员Mel1a，Mel1b和Mel1c，除了在鱼类，非洲爪蟾属物种和鸡中均存在的Mel1c以外，在所有脊椎动物中都存在。另一个受体，称为褪黑激素相关的受体，称为GPR50，仅在哺乳动物中发现，由于与三个褪黑激素受体相同，尽管与褪黑激素没有亲和力，但后来被鉴定为褪黑激素受体亚家族的成员。本研究的目的是描述GPR50与褪黑激素受体亚家族的其他三个成员之间的进化关系。结果使用计算机方法，我们证明GPR50是高亲和力Mel1c受体的直系同源物。还必须研究该基因的同构关系以得出此结论，因为估计矫形学和建立系统树的经典数学模型还不够。通过进化，通过大量氨基酸的突变和通过添加长的C末端尾巴，受体已被深刻地重塑。这些改变改变了其对褪黑激素的亲和力，并可能影响了其与分别由Mel1a和Mel1b基因编码的其他两个已知褪黑激素受体MT1和MT2的相互作用。进化研究提供了证据，与直系同源的Me11 a，b和c组相比，GPR50组在不同的选择压力下进化。结论这项研究表明，褪黑激素受体亚家族中只有3个成员，其中1个（Me11c）经历了从鱼类，鸟类到哺乳动物的快速进化。有必要进行进一步的研究以研究该受体的生理作用。

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