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A post-mortem study of respiratory disease in small mustelids in south-west England

机译：英格兰西南部小鼬类动物呼吸道疾病的事后研究

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Background Stoat ( Mustela erminea ) and weasel ( Mustela nivalis ) populations in south-west England are declining whilst polecats ( Mustela putorius ), absent for over a century, are increasing. Little is known about the health status of these species nationally. This study aimed at investigating respiratory disease in specimens found dead in south-west England. Results Trauma caused by road traffic, predator attack or being trapped was the predominant cause of death in 42 stoats, 31 weasels and 20 polecats; most were in good physical condition. Skrjabingylus nasicola was present in all species (weasels 37?%, polecats 39?%, stoats 41?%) and infected animals showed no evidence of loss of body condition. Even in carcases stored frozen L1 larvae were frequently alive and highly motile. Angiostrongylus vasorum infection was diagnosed in two stoats and one weasel: in stoats infections were patent and the lung lesions were likely of clinical significance. These are believed to be the first records of A. vasorum in small mustelids. Pleuritis and pyothorax was seen in two polecats, in one case due to a migrating grass awn. Histological examination of lungs showed granulomata in stoats (38?%), weasels (52?%) and polecats (50?%). Spherules consistent with Emmonsia spp. adiaspores were present in the granulomata of stoats (60?%), weasels (36?%) and polecats (29?%). Adiaspore diameter in all three species was similar (means: stoats 39?μm, weasels 30?μm, polecats 36?μm); these are markedly smaller than that normally recorded for E. crescens. Although they lie within the accepted range for spores of Emmonsia parva this arid-zone species is not found in Britain, thus raising a question over the identity of the fungus. Cases showing numerous granulomata but few or no adiaspores were Ziehl-Neelsen-stain negative for acid-fast bacilli and IHC negative for Mycobacterium spp . However, in some cases PCR analyses revealed mycobacteria, including Mycobacterium kumamotonense and Mycobacterium avium Complex. One stoat had numerous unidentified small organisms present centrally within granulomata. Conclusions Stoats, weasels and polecats in south-west England share several respiratory diseases, often of high prevalence, but the pathology would appear insufficient to impact on the health status of the populations and other ultimate causes of death should be investigated when examining these species.
机译：背景英格兰西南部的to（Mustela erminea）和黄鼠狼（Mustela nivalis）的数量正在下降，而一个世纪以来都没有的臭鼬（Mustela putorius）的数量正在增加。全国对这些物种的健康状况知之甚少。这项研究旨在调查在英格兰西南部死亡的标本中的呼吸系统疾病。结果道路交通，捕食者袭击或被困造成的创伤是造成42英尺，31只黄鼠狼和20只猫咪死亡的主要原因。大多数人身体状况良好。所有物种中都存在Skrjabingylus nasicola（黄鼬37％，pole猫39％，白鼬41 %%），被感染的动物没有身体状况丧失的迹象。即使在尸体中，冷冻的L 1 幼虫也经常活着并且活动能力强。诊断为两沙鼠和一鼬鼠被诊断为血管圆线虫血管感染：在沙沙鼠中感染是专利，肺部病变可能具有临床意义。这些被认为是小芥末中A. vasorum的最早记录。在两只鸡貂中发现了胸膜炎和脓胸，其中一个原因是由于草棚的迁移。肺的组织学检查显示，肉粒中有肉芽肿（38％），黄鼠狼（52％）和鸡貂（50％）。与Emmonsia spp一致的小球。扁桃体（60 %%），黄鼬（36 %%）和鸡貂（29 %%）的肉芽肿中都存在硬孢子。这三个物种的绝孢子直径相似（均值：at 39？μm，黄鼠狼30？μm，鸡pole 36？μm）。这些显着小于正常情况下记录的E. crescens。尽管它们处于Emmonsia parva孢子的可接受范围内，但在英国没有发现这种干旱区物种，因此引起了对真菌身份的质疑。表现出大量肉芽肿但几乎无孢子的病例是耐酸杆菌的Ziehl-Neelsen染色阴性和分枝杆菌属的IHC阴性。但是，在某些情况下，PCR分析显示了分枝杆菌，包括分枝杆菌分枝杆菌和鸟分枝杆菌复合体。一粒动物肉芽肿中部有许多未鉴定的小生物。结论英格兰西南部的Stoats，黄鼠狼和鸡貂有几种常见的呼吸道疾病，其流行率很高，但病理学似乎不足以影响人们的健康状况，在检查这些物种时，应调查其他最终的死亡原因。

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