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A systematic review of outcome and impact of Master’s in health and health care

机译：系统地审查硕士课程对健康和保健的影响和影响

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Background The ‘human resources for health’ crisis has highlighted the need for more health (care) professionals and led to an increased interest in health professional education, including master’s degree programmes. The number of these programmes in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) is increasing, but questions have been raised regarding their relevance, outcome and impact. We conducted a systematic review to evaluate the outcomes and impact of health-related master’s degree programmes. Methods We searched the databases Scopus, Pubmed, Embase, CINAHL, ERIC, Psychinfo and Cochrane (1999 - November 2011) and selected websites. All papers describing outcomes and impact of health-related Master programmes were included. Three reviewers, two for each article, extracted data independently. The articles were categorised by type of programme, country, defined outcomes and impact, study methods used and level of evidence, and classified according to outcomes: competencies used in practice, graduates’ career progression and impact on graduates’ workplaces and sector/society. Results Of the 33 articles included in the review, most originated from the US and the UK, and only one from a low-income country. The programmes studied were in public health (8), nursing (8), physiotherapy (5), family practice (4) and other topics (8). Outcomes were defined in less than one third of the articles, and impact was not defined at all. Outcomes and impact were measured by self-reported alumni surveys and qualitative methods. Most articles reported that competencies learned during the programme were applied in the workplace and alumni reported career progression or specific job changes. Some articles reported difficulties in using newly gained competencies in the workplace. There was limited evidence of impact on the workplace. Only two articles reported impact on the sector. Most studies described learning approaches, but very few described a mechanism to ensure outcome and impact of the programme. Conclusions Evidence suggests that graduates apply newly learned competencies in the field and that they progress in their career. There is a paucity of well-designed studies assessing the outcomes and impact of health-related master’s degree programmes in low- and middle-income countries. Studies of such programmes should consider the context and define outcomes and impact.
机译：背景信息“健康人力资源”危机凸显了对更多健康（护理）专业人员的需求，并导致人们对包括硕士学位课程在内的健康专业教育越来越感兴趣。在低收入和中等收入国家（LMIC）中，这些计划的数量正在增加，但是有关其相关性，成果和影响的问题却引起了人们的质疑。我们进行了系统的评估，以评估与健康相关的硕士学位课程的成果和影响。方法我们搜索了数据库Scopus，Pubmed，Embase，CINAHL，ERIC，Psychinfo和Cochrane（1999年-2011年11月）并选择了网站。包括所有描述与健康相关的硕士课程的结果和影响的论文。三名审阅者，每篇文章两名，独立提取数据。文章按计划类型，国家/地区，定义的结果和影响，使用的研究方法和证据水平进行分类，并根据结果进行分类：实践中使用的能力，毕业生的职业发展以及对毕业生的工作场所和行业/社会的影响。结果该评价包括的33篇文章中，大多数来自美国和英国，只有一篇来自低收入国家。研究的课程包括公共卫生（8），护理（8），理疗（5），家庭实践（4）和其他主题（8）。在不到三分之一的文章中定义了结果，并且完全没有定义影响。结果和影响通过自我报告的校友调查和定性方法进行衡量。大多数文章报告说，在计划中学习到的能力被应用到工作场所中，而校友则报告了职业发展或特定的工作变化。一些文章报道了在工作场所使用新获得的能力有困难。关于工作场所影响的证据有限。只有两篇文章报道了对该行业的影响。大多数研究都描述了学习方法，但是很少有描述机制来确保计划的结果和影响。结论有证据表明，毕业生可以在该领域中应用新近学习的能力，并且可以在自己的职业中取得进步。缺乏精心设计的研究来评估中低收入国家/地区与健康相关的硕士学位课程的成果和影响。对此类计划的研究应考虑环境并定义结果和影响。

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