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What motivates medical students to select medical studies: a systematic literature review

机译：是什么促使医学生选择医学研究：系统的文献综述

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There is a significant shortage of health workers across and within countries. It is of utmost importance to determine the factors that motivate students to opt for medical studies. The objective of this study is to group and review all the studies that investigated the motivational factors that underpin students’ selection of medical study in recent years. The literature search was carried out by two researchers independently in PubMed, Google Scholar, Wiley and IndMED databases for articles published from year 2006 till 2016. A total of 38 combinations of MeSH words were used for search purpose. Studies related to medical students and interns have been included. The application of inclusion and exclusion criteria and PRISMA guidelines for reporting systematic review led to the final selection of 24 articles. The majority of the studies (n?=?16; 66.6%) were from high-income countries followed by an equal number from upper-middle and lower-middle income countries (n?=?4,16.7%). None of the studies were from low-income countries. All of the studies were cross-sectional in nature. The main motivating factors that emerged were scientific (interest in science / medicine, social interest and academia, flexible work hours and work independence), societal (prestige, job security, financial security) and humanitarian (serving the poor and under priviledged) in high-, upper-middle and lower-middle income countries, respectively. The findings were comparable to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory of motivation. This systematic review identifies the motivational factors influencing students to join medical studies in different parts of the globe. These factors vary per country depending on the level of income. This study offers cues to policy makers and educators to formulate policy in order to tackle the shortage of health workers, i.e. medical doctors. However, more research is needed to translate health policy into concrete and effective measures.
机译：各国和国家内部卫生工作者的严重短缺。确定激励学生选择医学研究的因素至关重要。这项研究的目的是对所有支持学生选择医学研究的动机因素的研究进行分组和复习。文献检索由PubMed，Google Scholar，Wiley和IndMED数据库中的两名研究人员独立进行，以检索2006年至2016年之间发表的文章。总共使用了38种MeSH词组合。与医学生和实习生有关的研究已包括在内。纳入和排除标准以及PRISMA指南用于报告系统评价的应用导致最终选择了24篇文章。大多数研究（n = 16，占66.6％）来自高收入国家，其次来自中高收入和中低收入国家（n = 416.7％）。这些研究都没有来自低收入国家。所有研究本质上都是横断面的。出现的主要激励因素是科学（对科学/医学的兴趣，社会兴趣和学术界，灵活的工作时间和工作独立性），社会（声望，工作保障，财务安全）和人道主义（为穷人和处于弱势地位的人服务） -，中上，下中等收入国家。这些发现与马斯洛的动机需求理论层次相当。这份系统的综述确定了影响学生参加全球不同地区医学研究的动机因素。这些因素因国家/地区的收入水平而异。这项研究为决策者和教育者制定政策提供了线索，以解决卫生工作者（即医生）的短缺。但是，需要更多的研究来将卫生政策转化为具体有效的措施。

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