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A Study of Urban Heat Island using

机译：城市热岛利用研究

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Aims: The study of urban heat islands and traditionally relies on simplistic descriptors such as “urban” and “rural”. While these descriptors may be evocative of the landscape, they are insufficient in providing information like its site properties which have direct impacts on the surface-layer climate. The newly developed “Local Climate Zones” (LCZ) characterization scheme from Oke and Stewart [1] was applied to three case study areas to provide a more objective assessment of the urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon in Singapore.Study Design: The three step procedure of site metadata collection, definition of the thermal source area, and selection of the appropriate climate zone was followed for the three case study areas representing green space, a typical high rise residential housing area, and the CBD to identify and explain UHI characteristics.Place and Duration of Study: Singapore; January-March, 2014.Methodology: Characterization of the three study sites included scoring of a sky view factor, canyon aspect ratio, terrain roughness, building surface fraction, impervious surface fraction, surface energy admittance, surface albedo, and anthropogenic heat flux based on observation, photography, and Google Earth imagery, to determine the LCZ class. Temperature, wind speed, and relative humidity were recorded on an hourly basis at each site using Kestrel 4000 weather trackers and data logger at a 2 m elevation for five consecutive days in January, 2014.Results: The three study sites were characterized as LCZ 1 (compact high rise (CBD)), LCZ 4 (open high rise (high rise residential housing area)), and LCZ 9 (sparsely built (green space)). The temperature for LCZ 9 was lower than the other two sites, with the greatest UHI intensity (difference between mean air temperature being 2.01ºC between LCZ 4 and LCZ 9. Interestingly, although the CBD area was warmer than the open high rise area between midnight and 6 a.m., a typical UHI phenomenon, the mean air temperature for the entire 5 day period was greater at the open rise site.Conclusion: The lower temperature at the green space site emphasizes the importance of such spaces in the urban landscape as a means to make cities more liveable and resilient to climate change impacts. The higher mean temperature at the open high rise site as compared to the CBD site was related to anthropogenic activities (particularly traffic patterns), landscaping/green space, and the influence of a large green-certified building within the circle of influence at the CBD site. Overall, the use of LCZ in quantifying the UHI magnitude of Singapore was relatively straightforward to apply and this approach should be widely applied to more objectively investigate the UHI phenomenon, particularly in tropical cities.
机译：目的：对城市热岛的研究传统上依赖于诸如“城市”和“农村”之类的简单描述词。尽管这些描述符可能令人联想起地貌，但它们不足以提供诸如地表特性之类的信息，这些信息会直接影响表层气候。 Oke和Stewart [1]最新开发的“局部气候区”（LCZ）表征方案被应用于三个案例研究区域，以便对新加坡的城市热岛（UHI）现象进行更客观的评估。研究设计：这三个针对三个代表绿色空间，典型的高层住宅房屋区域和CBD的案例研究区域，遵循了站点元数据收集，热源区域定义以及选择合适的气候区的步骤，以识别和解释UHI特征学习地点和期限：新加坡; 2014年1月至3月。方法：这三个研究地点的特征包括对天空视图因子，峡谷纵横比，地形粗糙度，建筑物表面分数，不透水表面分数，表面能吸收率，表面反照率和人为热通量的评分观察，摄影和Google Earth图像，以确定LCZ类。 2014年1月，使用Kestrel 4000天气预报仪和数据记录仪在海拔2 m的位置连续5天每小时记录一次温度，风速和相对湿度，其结果为：三个研究地点的特征为LCZ 1 （紧凑型高层建筑（CBD）），LCZ 4（开放式高层建筑（高层住宅房屋面积））和LCZ 9（稀疏建筑（绿色空间））。 LCZ 9的温度低于其他两个地点，具有最大的UHI强度（LCZ 4和LCZ 9之间的平均气温之间的差为2.01ºC。有趣的是，尽管CBD区域比午夜之间的开放式高层区域温暖。早上6点（典型的UHI现象），开放式上升站点整个5天的平均气温较高。结论：绿色空间站点的较低温度强调了这种空间在城市景观中作为一种手段的重要性。为了使城市更宜居，更能抵御气候变化的影响，与CBD场地相比，开放式高层建筑的平均温度较高与人为活动（尤其是交通方式），园林绿化/绿化空间以及大面积的影响有关。总体而言，使用LCZ量化新加坡的UHI规模相对容易应用，并且该应用程序蟑螂应广泛应用于更客观地调查UHI现象，特别是在热带城市。

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