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首页> 外文期刊>BMC Microbiology >Occurrence of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis across host species and European countries with evidence for transmission between wildlife and domestic ruminants
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Occurrence of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis across host species and European countries with evidence for transmission between wildlife and domestic ruminants

机译：整个宿主物种和欧洲国家均发生了鸟分枝杆菌副结核菌亚型，并证明了野生动植物和反刍动物之间的传播

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Background Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map) causes an infectious chronic enteritis (paratuberculosis or Johne's disease) principally of ruminants. The epidemiology of Map is poorly understood, particularly with respect to the role of wildlife reservoirs and the controversial issue of zoonotic potential (Crohn's disease). Genotypic discrimination of Map isolates is pivotal to descriptive epidemiology and resolving these issues. This study was undertaken to determine the genetic diversity of Map, enhance our understanding of the host range and distribution and assess the potential for interspecies transmission. Results 164 Map isolates from seven European countries representing 19 different host species were genotyped by standardized IS900 - restriction fragment length polymorphism (IS900-RFLP), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) and mycobacterial interspersed repeat unit-variable number tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR) analyses. Six PstI and 17 BstEII IS900-RFLP, 31 multiplex [SnaBI-SpeI] PFGE profiles and 23 MIRU-VNTR profiles were detected. AFLP gave insufficient discrimination of isolates for meaningful genetic analysis. Point estimates for Simpson's index of diversity calculated for the individual typing techniques were in the range of 0.636 to 0.664 but a combination of all three methods increased the discriminating power to 0.879, sufficient for investigating transmission dynamics. Two predominant strain types were detected across Europe with all three typing techniques. Evidence for interspecies transmission between wildlife and domestic ruminants on the same property was demonstrated in four cases, between wildlife species on the same property in two cases and between different species of domestic livestock on one property. Conclusion The results of this study showed that it is necessary to use multiple genotyping techniques targeting different sources of genetic variation to obtain the level of discrimination necessary to investigate transmission dynamics and trace the source of Map infections. Furthermore, the combination of genotyping techniques may depend on the geographical location of the population to be tested. Identical genotypes were obtained from Map isolated from different host species co-habiting on the same property strongly suggesting that interspecies transmission occurs. Interspecies transmission of Map between wildlife species and domestic livestock on the same property provides further evidence to support a role for wildlife reservoirs of infection.
机译：背景禽分枝杆菌亚种副结核病（Map）主要由反刍动物引起传染性慢性肠炎（副结核病或约翰氏病）。人们对Map的流行病学了解甚少，尤其是在野生生物保护区的作用和人畜共患病潜力（克罗恩病）这一有争议的问题上。 Map分离株的基因型鉴别对于描述性流行病学和解决这些问题至关重要。进行这项研究是为了确定Map的遗传多样性，增进我们对寄主范围和分布的了解，并评估种间传播的潜力。结果通过标准化IS900-限制性片段长度多态性（IS900-RFLP），脉冲场凝胶电泳（PFGE），扩增片段长度多态性（AFLP）和分枝杆菌穿插重复单元对来自七个欧洲国家的164个来自19个不同宿主物种的地图分离株进行了基因分型。 -可变数目串联重复（MIRU-VNTR）分析。检测到6个PstI和17个BstEII IS900-RFLP，31个多重[SnaBI-SpeI] PFGE配置文件和23个MIRU-VNTR配置文件。 AFLP对分离株的鉴别不足以进行有意义的遗传分析。针对单个打字技术计算出的辛普森多样性指数的点估计在0.636至0.664的范围内，但是这三种方法的组合将判别力提高到0.879，足以研究传输动力学。在欧洲，使用所有三种分型技术都检测到两种主要的菌株类型。在四个案例中，有野生动植物和同种反刍动物之间在种间传播的证据，在同一案例中有2种在同一属性下的野生动植物种之间，以及在同一种属性的不同家畜之间的种间传播。结论这项研究的结果表明，有必要使用针对不同遗传变异源的多种基因分型技术来获得辨别水平，以研究传播动态和追踪Map感染源。此外，基因分型技术的组合可能取决于待测人群的地理位置。相同的基因型是从地图上获得的，该地图是从同一特性的同居的不同宿主物种分离而来的，强烈暗示发生了种间传播。野生动植物物种与同一属性上的家畜之间的物种间传播传播提供了进一步的证据，证明了野生动植物感染库的作用。

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