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The nutritional status of children in Bhutan: results from the 2008 National nutrition survey and trends over time

机译：不丹儿童的营养状况：2008年国家营养调查的结果和长期趋势

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Background There are few reports on the nutritional status of Bhutanese children. The objective of this paper is to summarize results from the 2008 National Nutrition Survey and to describe progress achieved during the last two decades. Methods A cross-sectional survey of 2376 children aged 6 to 59 months was conducted during November-December 2008 to provide national and regional estimates. A multi-stage cluster sampling method was applied and 40 gewogs/thromdes were selected from each region (Western, Central, Eastern). Guidelines on how to measure length/height and weight followed WHO standardized procedures. Data were analysed for consistency and validation using the software WHO Anthro and the WHO SPSS macro. Underweight, stunting, overweight, wasting and thinness were defined based on the WHO Child Growth Standards. Data from 1986-88 and 1999 national surveys were reanalysed using the WHO standards to describe trends in nutritional status. Results Nationally, 34.9% Bhutanese preschool children are stunted and 10.4% are underweight. Wasting is 4.7%, with severe wasting close to 2% in rural areas, while overweight affects 4.4% of preschool children. While underweight rates are similar across regions, wasting is substantially more prevalent in the Western region and stunting in the Eastern region. Stunting shows a steep rise during the first two years of life, as high as 40%, and levels off thereafter, while wasting is greatest among children aged 6-24 months and subsequently decreases. The prevalence of stunting fell from 60.9% in 1986-88 to 34.9% in 2008, and underweight declined from 34.0% to 10.4% during same period. The percentage of wasted children dropped from 5.2% in 1986-88 to 2.5% in 1999 but then increased to 4.7% in 2008. Conclusions There have been major improvements in the nutritional status of Bhutanese children over the past two decades, however, linear growth retardation remains a significant concern. Early identification of growth faltering is essential for improving the effectiveness of public health programs to prevent stunting. Similarly, wasting rates indicate the need for a system to identify children with severe malnutrition in the isolated communities so that they can receive appropriate care.
机译：背景鲜有关于不丹儿童营养状况的报道。本文的目的是总结2008年国家营养调查的结果，并描述过去20年中取得的进展。方法2008年11月至12月，对2376名6至59个月大的儿童进行了横断面调查，以提供国家和地区估计。应用了多阶段的整群抽样方法，并从每个区域（西部，中部，东部）选择了40个gewogs /血栓。有关如何测量身长/身高和体重的指南遵循了WHO的标准化程序。使用软件WHO Anthro和WHO SPSS macro分析数据的一致性和有效性。根据世界卫生组织《儿童生长标准》确定了体重不足，发育迟缓，超重，消瘦和瘦弱。使用WHO标准对来自1986-88年和1999年全国调查的数据进行了重新分析，以描述营养状况的趋势。结果在全国范围内，不丹学龄前儿童的发育不良为34.9％，体重不足为10.4％。浪费率为4.7％，严重浪费在农村地区接近2％，而超重影响了4.4％的学龄前儿童。虽然各地区的体重过轻率相似，但浪费在西部地区更为普遍，而在东部地区则处于停滞状态。发育迟缓显示出生命的头两年急剧上升，高达40％，此后趋于稳定，而6-24个月大的儿童的消瘦最大，随后下降。发育迟缓的患病率从1986-88年的60.9％下降到2008年的34.9％，体重不足的比率从34.0％下降到10.4％。儿童的浪费比例从1986-88年的5.2％下降到1999年的2.5％，然后在2008年增加到4.7％。结论不丹儿童的营养状况在过去的20年中有了很大的改善，但是线性增长减速仍然是一个重要问题。尽早发现增长步履蹒跚对于提高公共卫生计划防止发育迟缓的有效性至关重要。同样，浪费率表明有必要建立一个系统，在孤立的社区中识别患有严重营养不良的儿童，以便他们能够得到适当的照顾。

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