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Understanding force-generating microtubule systems through in vitro reconstitution

机译：通过体外重构了解产生力的微管系统

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ABSTRACT Microtubules switch between growing and shrinking states, a feature known as dynamic instability. The biochemical parameters underlying dynamic instability are modulated by a wide variety of microtubule-associated proteins that enable the strict control of microtubule dynamics in cells. The forces generated by controlled growth and shrinkage of microtubules drive a large range of processes, including organelle positioning, mitotic spindle assembly, and chromosome segregation. In the past decade, our understanding of microtubule dynamics and microtubule force generation has progressed significantly. Here, we review the microtubule-intrinsic process of dynamic instability, the effect of external factors on this process, and how the resulting forces act on various biological systems. Recently, reconstitution-based approaches have strongly benefited from extensive biochemical and biophysical characterization of individual components that are involved in regulating or transmitting microtubule-driven forces. We will focus on the current state of reconstituting increasingly complex biological systems and provide new directions for future developments.
机译：摘要微管在生长状态和收缩状态之间切换，此功能称为动态不稳定性。动态不稳定性所依据的生化参数受到各种与微管相关的蛋白质的调控，这些蛋白质能够严格控制细胞中的微管动力学。微管的受控生长和收缩所产生的力会驱动许多过程，包括细胞器定位，有丝分裂纺锤体组装和染色体分离。在过去的十年中，我们对微管动力学和微管力产生的理解有了长足的进步。在这里，我们回顾了动态不稳定性的微管内在过程，外部因素对该过程的影响以及所产生的力如何作用于各种生物系统。最近，基于重组的方法已从涉及调节或传递微管驱动力的单个成分的广泛生化和生物物理表征中获得了极大的收益。我们将关注重组日益复杂的生物系统的现状，并为未来的发展提供新的方向。

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