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首页> 外文期刊>Chronic diseases and injuries in Canada. >Report Summary – Congenital Anomalies in Canada 2013: A Perinatal Health Surveillance Report by the Public Health Agency of Canada's Canadian Perinatal Surveillance System
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Report Summary – Congenital Anomalies in Canada 2013: A Perinatal Health Surveillance Report by the Public Health Agency of Canada's Canadian Perinatal Surveillance System

机译：报告摘要– 2013年加拿大先天性异常：加拿大公共卫生署加拿大围产期监视系统的围产期健康监视报告

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摘要

Congenital anomalies (birth defects or congenital malformations) are abnormalities that are present at birth, even if not diagnosed until months or years later. They may be present from conception, as is the case with a chromosome defect (e.g. Down syndrome) or gene mutation (e.g. achondroplasia), and they also include those structural defects that occur in the embryonic period up to the end of the seventh week of gestation (e.g. spina bifida) or in the early fetal period between 8 and 16 weeks gestation, (e.g. orofacial clefts).Congenital anomalies are an important health issue because of their impact on the health and wellbeing of Canadian infants and children and their families and because of the health resources they require for management and treatment. Approximately 1 in 25 Canadian babies is diagnosed with 1 or more congenital anomalies every year. Between 1998 and 2009, the national congenital anomalies prevalence rate decreased from 451 to 385 per 10 000 total births, probably due to 3 factors: increased prenatal diagnosis and subsequent pregnancy termination; mandatory folic acid fortification of food; and changes in health behaviours and practices such as a reduction in tobacco smoking in pregnancy. Despite the decrease in the overall prevalence rate, congenital anomalies are second only to immaturity as the leading cause of infant death.
机译：先天性异常（出生缺陷或先天性畸形）是出生时出现的异常，即使直到几个月或几年后才被诊断出。它们可能是受孕时出现的，例如染色体缺陷（例如唐氏综合症）或基因突变（例如软骨发育不全），并且它们还包括那些在胚胎期直至第7周末出现的结构性缺陷。妊娠（例如脊柱裂）或在妊娠8-16周的早期胎儿时期（例如口颊裂）。先天性畸形是重要的健康问题，因为它们影响加拿大婴幼儿及其家庭和儿童的健康和福祉由于需要卫生资源来进行管理和治疗。每年大约有25个加拿大婴儿中有1个被诊断出患有1个或多个先天性异常。在1998年至2009年之间，全国先天性异常患病率从每10 000名总出生婴儿中的451名下降到385名，这可能归因于以下三个因素：产前诊断增加和随后的终止妊娠;强制性叶酸强化食品;健康行为和习惯的变化，例如减少怀孕期间的吸烟。尽管总体患病率下降，但先天性异常仅次于不成熟，是婴儿死亡的主要原因。

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