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首页> 外文期刊>Communications of the Association for Information Systems >Which Life Cycle--Work System, Information System, or Software?
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Which Life Cycle--Work System, Information System, or Software?

机译：哪个生命周期-工作系统，信息系统或软件？

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This article presents the work system life cycle (WSLC) model, according to which a work system, an information system, or a software product passes through one or more iterations of four phases: initiation, development, implementation, and operation and maintenance. Although this descriptive model is both clear enough to understand readily and specific enough to apply easily, it encompasses a variety of other models commonly used to describe information system life cycles, organizational change processes, projects, and the life cycles of software products. The explicit inclusion of both an operation and maintenance phase and iterations allows it to cover both continuous and discontinuous change. This article explains the need for this type of model and shows how it spans more than a dozen descriptive and normative models that appear in the IS literature. The WSLC model could help bridge the communication gap between business and IT professionals, could help both do their own system-related work, and could help students grasp the broad alternatives for building and modifying systems. Comparison of the WSLC phases with the phases of other models shows that many of those models might be misleading to people who are not primed to understand why their goals and assumptions are quite different. Both software-focused and process-focused models in the IS literature tend to emphasize development activities and de-emphasize implementation in the organization and ongoing operation and maintenance. Instead of providing clarity, use of some of these models in practice and teaching might reinforce common misunderstandings and naive expectations that stereotype information system projects as either IT projects performed by technologists or as organizational change projects in which technology plays only a secondary role. The WSLC model encourages a balanced view that includes both the organizational and technological viewpoints without minimizing either.
机译：本文介绍了工作系统生命周期（WSLC）模型，根据该模型，工作系统，信息系统或软件产品将经历四个或多个阶段的一个或多个迭代：启动，开发，实施以及操作和维护。尽管此描述性模型既清晰，易于理解，又具有足够的特定性，易于应用，但它包含了通常用于描述信息系统生命周期，组织变更过程，项目和软件产品生命周期的各种其他模型。明确包含操作和维护阶段以及迭代，使其可以覆盖连续和不连续的更改。本文解释了这种模型的需求，并说明了它如何跨越IS文献中出现的十几个描述性和规范性模型。 WSLC模型可以帮助弥合业务与IT专业人员之间的沟通鸿沟，可以帮助自己完成与系统相关的工作，还可以帮助学生掌握构建和修改系统的广泛选择。 WSLC阶段与其他模型阶段的比较表明，这些模型中的许多可能会误导那些不准备了解其目标和假设为何完全不同的人。 IS文献中以软件为中心和以过程为中心的模型都倾向于强调开发活动，而不再强调组织中的实施以及正在进行的操作和维护。在实践和教学中使用这些模型中的某些模型可能并没有提供清晰的信息，反而加剧了常见的误解和幼稚的期望，即刻板印象信息系统项目要么是由技术人员执行的IT项目，要么是仅在技术中扮演次要角色的组织变更项目。 WSLC模型鼓励平衡的观点，包括组织观点和技术观点，而又不最小化两者。

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