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首页> 外文期刊>Biology Open >Morphology and distribution of taste papillae and oral denticles in the developing oropharyngeal cavity of the bamboo shark,?Chiloscyllium punctatum
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Morphology and distribution of taste papillae and oral denticles in the developing oropharyngeal cavity of the bamboo shark,?Chiloscyllium punctatum

机译：竹鲨发育中的口咽腔中的味觉乳头和口腔颗粒的形态和分布

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摘要

Gustation in sharks is not well understood, especially within species that ingest food items using suction. This study examines the morphological and immunohistochemical characterisation of taste papillae and oral denticles in the oropharynx of the brown-banded bamboo shark?Chiloscyllium punctatum?and compares their distribution during development. Taste papillae of?C. punctatum?are located throughout the oropharyngeal region and are most concentrated on the oral valves (2125-3483 per cm2?in embryos; 89-111 per cm2?in mature adults) close to the tooth territories. Papillae appearance is comparable at all stages of development, with the exception of the embryos (unhatched specimens), where no microvilli are present. Oral valve papillae are comparable in structure to Type I taste buds of teleost fishes, whereas those of the rest of the oropharyngeal region are comparable to Type II. Both types of papillae show immunofluorescence for a number of markers of taste buds, including β-Catenin and Sox2. Taste papillae densities are highest in embryos with 420-941 per cm2?compared to 8-29 per cm2?in mature adults. The total number of papillae remains around 1900 for all stages of development. However, the papillae increase in diameter from 72±1?μm (mean±s.e.m.) in embryos to 310±7?μm in mature individuals. Microvilli protrude in multiple patches at the apical tip of the papilla covering ～0.5% of the papillar surface area. We further document the relationship between taste papillae and the closely associated oral denticles within the shark orophayngeal cavity. Oral denticles first break through the epithelium in the antero-central region of the dorsal oral cavity, shortly after the emergence of teeth, around time of hatching. Denticles are located throughout the oropharyngeal epithelium of both immature and mature stages, with the highest concentrations in the antero-dorsal oral cavity and the central regions of the pharynx. These denticle-rich areas of the mouth and pharynx are therefore thought to protect the epithelium, and importantly the taste papillae, from abrasion since they correlate with regions where potential food items are processed or masticated for consumption. Taste papillae and denticles are more dense in anterior oropharyngeal regions in close association with the oral jaws and teeth, and in the juvenile or hatchling shark taste units are functional, and innervated, allowing the shark to seek out food?in utero, at birth or on emergence from the egg case.
机译：鲨鱼的肠胃蠕动还没有被很好地理解，特别是在通过吸食来摄取食物的物种中。本研究检查了棕带竹鲨“点状小锥虫”的口咽中的味觉乳头和口腔齿状体的形态学和免疫组化特征，并比较了它们在发育过程中的分布。味觉乳头？点状点位于整个口咽区域，并且最集中在靠近牙齿区域的口腔瓣膜上（胚胎中每平方厘米2125-3483;成熟成年人中每平方厘米89-111）。乳头的外观在发育的所有阶段都具有可比性，但胚胎（未孵化的标本）除外，那里没有微绒毛。口瓣乳头的结构可与硬骨鱼的I型味蕾相媲美，而其余的口咽区则与II型可比。两种类型的乳头均对包括β-Catenin和Sox2在内的许多味蕾标记显示免疫荧光。味觉乳头密度在胚胎中最高，为每平方厘米420-941，而在成年成年人中为每平方厘米8-29。在所有发育阶段，乳头总数仍保持在1900年左右。然而，乳头的直径从胚胎中的72±1？μm（平均值±s.e.m。）增加到成熟个体的310±7？μm。微绒毛突出于乳头的顶端，覆盖着约0.5％的乳头表面积。我们进一步记录了味觉乳头和鲨鱼口咽腔内紧密相关的口腔小齿之间的关系。牙齿出苗后不久，在孵化前后，口腔树突首先突破上颌窦前中部区域的上皮。在未成熟和成熟期的整个口咽上皮中都分布有齿状体，其最高浓度在前-背口腔和咽部的中央区域。因此，这些口腔和咽部的富含牙齿的区域可以保护上皮，尤其是味觉乳头不受磨损，因为它们与加工或咀嚼潜在食品的区域相关联。口咽前部与口腔颌骨和牙齿紧密相关，味觉乳头和齿状体更加致密，在少年或孵化中，鲨鱼的味觉单元发挥功能并被神经支配，使鲨鱼可以在出生时或出生时在子宫内寻找食物。从蛋盒中出来。

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