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首页> 外文期刊>Biology Open >Apical and basal epitheliomuscular F-actin dynamics during?Hydra?bud evagination
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Apical and basal epitheliomuscular F-actin dynamics during?Hydra?bud evagination

机译：九头蛇排卵过程中根尖和基底上皮肌F-肌动蛋白的动力学

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Bending of 2D cell sheets is a fundamental morphogenetic mechanism during animal development and reproduction. A critical player driving cell shape during tissue bending is the actin cytoskeleton. Much of our current knowledge about actin dynamics in whole organisms stems from studies of embryonic development in bilaterian model organisms. Here, we have analyzed actin-based processes during asexual bud evagination in the simple metazoan?Hydra. We created transgenic?Hydra?strains stably expressing the actin marker Lifeact-GFP in either ectodermal or endodermal epitheliomuscular cells. We then combined live imaging with conventional phalloidin staining to directly follow actin reorganization. Bending of the?Hydra?epithelial double layer is initiated by a group of epitheliomuscular cells in the endodermal layer. These cells shorten their apical-basal axis and arrange their basal muscle processes in a circular configuration. We propose that this rearrangement generates the initial forces to bend the endoderm towards the ectoderm. Convergent tissue movement in both epithelial layers towards the centre of evagination then leads to elongation and extension of the bud along its new body axis. Tissue movement into the bud is associated with lateral intercalation of epithelial cells, remodelling of apical septate junctions, and rearrangement of basal muscle processes. The work presented here extends the analysis of morphogenetic mechanisms beyond embryonic tissues of model bilaterians.
机译：二维细胞片的弯曲是动物发育和繁殖期间的基本形态发生机制。在组织弯曲期间驱动细胞形状的关键参与者是肌动蛋白细胞骨架。目前，我们对整个生物体中肌动蛋白动力学的许多了解都源于双边模型生物中胚胎发育的研究。在这里，我们分析了在简单后生动物Hydra中无性芽逃逸过程中基于肌动蛋白的过程。我们创建了在外胚层或内胚层上皮肌细胞中稳定表达肌动蛋白标记物Lifeact-GFP的转基因Hydra菌株。然后，我们将实时成像与传统的鬼笔环肽染色相结合，以直接跟随肌动蛋白重组。上皮双层弯曲是由内皮层中的一组上皮肌细胞引起的。这些细胞缩短了其顶基轴，并将其基底肌肉过程排列成圆形。我们建议这种重新排列产生将内胚层向外胚层弯曲的初始力。然后，两个上皮层中的收敛组织朝着撤退中心运动，导致芽沿着其新的身体轴伸长和延伸。组织向芽中的运动与上皮细胞的侧向插入，根尖状分隔连接的重塑以及基底肌突的重排有关。这里介绍的工作扩展了形态发生机制的分析，超出了模型双语者的胚胎组织。

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