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Toxicity and Fate of Heavy Metals with Particular Reference to Developing Foetus

机译：重金属的毒性和命运，特别是与发育中的胎儿有关

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Heavy metals especially lead, mercury, cadmium, arsenic and chromium are well known for causing birth defects. Although, the mother may be unaffected and unaware of the contamination, infants exposed to such agents in-utero may have a number of side effects as these substances readily move across the placental barrier. Heavy metals are dangerous because they have the tendency to bioaccumulate in biological organisms over a period of time. The foetus and newborns are much more sensitive to the effects at low levels of metal exposure and this is mainly due to body weight being less and higher rate of food consumption rate, higher gastrointestinal absorption rate, less effective renal excretion, and a less effective blood-brain barrier. On the other hand, lead is tightly bound to red blood cells, thereby enhancing the transfer from maternal circulation through the placenta to the foetus. Placental transfer begins as early as the twelfth week of gestation. Arsenic is found in drinking water and is a potent toxicant but scanty research has been done on its effect on maternal health. Chromium (Cr~(6+)) accumulates in placenta and impairs foetal development in the placenta. Therefore, the fertile population should prevent themselves from exposure to chemicals, drugs and other environmental agents.
机译：众所周知，重金属特别是铅，汞，镉，砷和铬会导致先天缺陷。尽管母亲可能没有受到影响并且没有意识到污染，但是在子宫内暴露于这种药物的婴儿可能会产生许多副作用，因为这些物质很容易穿过胎盘屏障。重金属是危险的，因为它们在一段时间内会在生物体内生物蓄积。胎儿和新生儿对低水平金属暴露的影响更加敏感，这主要是由于体重减轻和较高的食物消耗率，较高的胃肠道吸收率，较低的肾脏排泄效率和较低的血液利用率脑屏障。另一方面，铅与红细胞紧密结合，从而增强了从母体循环通过胎盘到胎儿的转移。胎盘移植最早在妊娠第十二周开始。砷存在于饮用水中，是一种有毒的毒物，但对砷对孕产妇健康的影响的研究很少。铬（Cr〜（6+））积累在胎盘中，损害胎盘中的胎儿发育。因此，肥沃的人口应防止自己接触化学药品，毒品和其他环境因素。

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