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Environmental study of waste energy recovery by using exergy and economic analysis in a fluid catalytic cracking unit

机译：在流化催化裂化装置中利用火用和经济分析对废能源回收进行环境研究

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An increase in fossil fuel consumption has significantly increased the concentration of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Waste energy recovery can reduce GHGs by reducing fossil fuel consumption. In the FCC unit in refineries, the catalyst is continuously regenerated by burning off the deposited coke with air and a large flux of waste gas with high temperature is generated which is vented into the atmosphere. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of waste heat/pressure recovery of the waste gas on the reduction of GHGs and air pollutant emissions. Based on this objective, exergy and economic analysis were carried out for two scenarios (S-1 and S-2). The S-1 scenario involved the installation of a Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG), while S-2 applied the simultaneous usage of HRSG and a turbo-expander to evaluate electricity production using waste gas pressure. The exergy of waste gas was formulated and an in-house code was developed for solving the equations via a trial and error method. The results showed that exergy loss of the waste gas was higher than 660 MW and it was possible to recover about 64 MW and 75 MW in the S-1 and S-2, respectively. The amount of steam and the electrical energy produced were found to be about 88 ton/h and 8323 MWh/month, respectively. The results also showed that S-1 can reduce 72227 tCO2e of GHGs and 327 ton of air pollutant and S-2 can reduce 143464 tCO2e of GHGs and 649 ton of air pollutant annually. The economic indexes were evaluated and the results indicated that the internal rates of return (IRR) were found to be 33.18% and 36.76% for S-1 and S-2, respectively. This showed that the two scenarios were economically feasible, but from an environmental, economic and energy recovery standpoint, S-2 was the best scenario and the economic analysis on S-2 certified that there was no economic risk.
机译：化石燃料消耗量的增加已大大增加了温室气体的浓度。废物能源回收可以通过减少化石燃料的消耗来减少温室气体。在精炼厂的FCC装置中，通过用空气燃烧沉积的焦炭来连续再生催化剂，并产生大量的高温废气，并排入大气。这项研究的目的是研究废气的余热/压力回收对减少温室气体和空气污染物排放的影响。基于此目标，对两种情况（S-1和S-2）进行了火用和经济分析。 S-1情景涉及安装热回收蒸汽发生器（HRSG），而S-2则同时使用HRSG和涡轮膨胀机，以利用废气压力评估发电量。公式化了废气的火用，并开发了内部代码以通过反复试验的方法求解方程。结果表明，废气的火用损失高于660 MW，在S-1和S-2中分别可回收约64 MW和75 MW。发现蒸汽量和产生的电能分别为约88吨/小时和8323兆瓦时/月。结果还表明，S-1每年可减少72227 tCO2e和327吨空气污染物，S-2每年可减少143464 tCO2e和649吨空气污染物。对经济指标进行了评估，结果表明，S-1和S-2的内部收益率（IRR）分别为33.18％和36.76％。这表明这两种方案在经济上都是可行的，但从环境，经济和能源回收的角度来看，S-2是最佳方案，对S-2的经济分析证明没有经济风险。

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