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首页> 外文期刊>African Journal of Biotechnology >Machine induced changes of caprine teats diagnosed by ultrasonography
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Machine induced changes of caprine teats diagnosed by ultrasonography

机译：超声检查机器诱发的乳头变化

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Analyses were performed on 10 nanny goats of the Polish White Improved breed aged 2 to 5 years. Ultrasound images of the longitudinal cross-section of teats were taken in 9 replications, 4 times daily before and immediately after morning milking, and then 4 and 10 h after milking, using a Hitachi EUB405+ apparatus with a 10?MHz linear probe. The ultrasound probe was placed in a plastic cup filled with water (approximately 30 - 35°C), in which teats were immersed. Measurements of the diameter and length of the teat canals and the thickness of the teat wall were taken on ultrasound images in the MultiScan??12.05. computer software. Immediately after milking a marked thickening (swelling) of the teat wall, an elongation of the teat canal was observed by approximately 40 and 18%, respectively (p < 0.01). Four hours after milking, the swelling was still considerable and teat walls were thicker by approximately 30% (p < 0.01). These changes started to subside after approximately 10 h after milking, at that time reaching a level close to the initial condition, which may indicate the necessity to provide animals with an approximately 10 to 12 h intervals between milkings to ensure teat regeneration. Less marked changes in teat morphology is concerned with the measurement of the diameter of the teat canal. No definite effect of age of animals (lactation) and the shape of the udder on teat morphology were observed. Results of analyses indicate considerable suitability of ultrasonography in the monitoring of caprine teat morphology; however, thorough training of operators is required, since significant differences were observed in values of individual measurements between operators with varying professional experience.
机译：分析了10至2岁的波兰白色改良品种的保姆山羊。使用带有10？MHz线性探针的Hitachi EUB405 +仪器，在9次重复中进行乳头纵向截面的超声图像，每天早晨挤奶之前和之后每天进行4次，然后在挤奶之后4和10小时。将超声探头放置在装有水的塑料杯中（大约30-35°C），将乳头浸入其中。在MultiScan ?? 12.05中的超声图像上测量乳头管的直径和长度以及乳头壁的厚度。电脑软件。挤奶后奶头壁显着增厚（膨胀），立即观察到奶头管的伸长率分别约为40％和18％（p <0.01）。挤奶后四个小时，肿胀仍然很明显，乳头壁增厚了约30％（p <0.01）。这些变化在挤奶后约10小时后开始消退，那时达到接近初始状态的水平，这可能表明有必要在挤奶之间为动物提供约10至12 h的间隔，以确保奶头再生。乳头形态变化不明显的问题与乳头管直径的测量有关。没有观察到动物年龄（哺乳期）和乳房形状对奶头形态的确定影响。分析结果表明，超声检查在监测山羊奶头形态方面具有很高的适用性。但是，由于在具有不同专业经验的操作员之间观察到的各个测量值存在显着差异，因此需要对操作员进行彻底的培训。

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