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首页> 外文期刊>African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development >Fighting Undernutrition and Child Mortality in Sierra Leone
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Fighting Undernutrition and Child Mortality in Sierra Leone

机译：消除塞拉利昂的营养不良和儿童死亡率

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This study has analysed the determinants of child undernutrition and mortality in Sierra Leone with the objective of identifying key predictors to advise policy. It utilises the country’s Demographic and Health Survey 2008. The estimation of the empirical model employs a seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) technique and probit framework. The predictors of undernutrition found most significant are: mothers’ education; housing environment measured by household density, accommodation capacity and sanitary condition; regional development differentials; having vegetables in the diet for mothers and children; and immunization. The predictors found significant for tackling mortality are: mothers’ education; household density; recognition of gendered differential needs for children; nutritional deficiency; micronutrient supplement; and postnatal care. The policy simulations demonstrate that focusing policy on these factors couldimmensely help address child growth problems in the country. More particularly, the paper suggests the need for a greater focus on supporting mothers’ education and strengthening public health in childcare management. That, while modern medicine is always crucial, it can be perceived only as bolstering good natural practices in caring for children. It is noted that children that are chronically undernourished can resist episodic sources of undernutrition more strongly than those that have not been undernourished before. This supports the argument that while ‘vulnerability’ and ‘poverty’ are closely related concepts, they are separable from a static and dynamic point of view; the former measures the probability of becoming poor due to exposure to shocks even if one is currently better-off, or the probability of becoming poorer for those that are already poor. Child wasting appears closer to vulnerability than stunting, which is mainly noted with those already in poverty. Therefore, policies should target both urban and rural settlers—the former are characterised in this study by higher incidence of child wasting (acute undernutrition) while the latter are characterised by higher incidence of stunting (chronic undernutrition). The study does not find any strict linearity in the expectation of the distribution and dynamics of the effects of nutritional deficiency and morbid episodes across the socioeconomic groups analysed, thereby evincing the need for careful policy targeting. The four regions of the country should be evaluated carefully in policy targeting processes, given that there are urban poverty pockets as well as rural poverty pockets.
机译：这项研究分析了塞拉利昂儿童营养不良和死亡率的决定因素，目的是确定建议政策的主要预测因素。它利用了该国的《 2008年人口与健康调查》。经验模型的估算采用了看似无关的回归（SUR）技术和概率框架。发现营养不良的最主要预测因素是：母亲的教育程度;以家庭密度，住宿能力和卫生条件衡量的住房环境;区域发展差异;在为母亲和儿童的饮食中食用蔬菜;和免疫。发现对降低死亡率具有重要意义的预测因子是：母亲的教育程度;家庭密度承认儿童的性别差异需求;营养不足;微量营养素补充剂;和产后护理。政策模拟表明，将政策集中在这些因素上可以极大地帮助解决该国的儿童成长问题。更具体地说，该论文建议需要在照顾儿童方面更加关注支持母亲的教育和加强公共卫生。尽管现代医学始终至关重要，但只能将其视为在照顾儿童方面加强良好的自然习惯。需要指出的是，长期营养不良的儿童比以前没有营养不良的儿童更能抵抗营养不良的根源。这支持了以下论点：“漏洞”和“贫困”是密切相关的概念，但从静态和动态的角度来看它们是可分离的。前者衡量的是即使当前状况较好的人也因遭受冲击而变得贫穷的可能性，或已然的人变得更加贫穷的可能性。浪费儿童似乎比发育迟缓更容易受到伤害，这主要体现在已经处于贫困之中的儿童。因此，政策应针对城市和农村定居者，前者的特征是儿童浪费（急性营养不良）的发生率较高，而后者的特征是发育不良（慢性营养不良）的发生率较高。该研究没有发现在所分析的整个社会经济群体中营养缺乏和病态发作的分布和动态变化的预期中存在任何严格的线性关系，因此表明需要谨慎地制定政策目标。考虑到有城市贫困人口和农村贫困人口，应该在政策目标制定过程中仔细评估该国的四个地区。

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