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The use of genotoxicity biomarkers in molecular epidemiology: applications in environmental, occupational and dietary studies

机译：遗传毒性生物标志物在分子流行病学中的应用：在环境，职业和饮食研究中的应用

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Molecular epidemiology is an approach increasingly used in the establishment of associations between exposure to hazardous substances and development of disease, including the possible modulation by genetic susceptibility factors. Environmental chemicals and contaminants from anthropogenic pollution of air, water and soil, but also originating specifically in occupational contexts, are potential sources of risk of development of disease. Also, diet presents an important role in this process, with some well characterized associations existing between nutrition and some types of cancer. Genotoxicity biomarkers allow the detection of early effects that result from the interaction between the individual and the environment; they are therefore important tools in cancer epidemiology and are extensively used in human biomonitoring studies. This work intends to give an overview of the potential for genotoxic effects assessment, specifically with the cytokinesis blocked micronucleus assay and comet assay in environmental and occupational scenarios, including diet. The plasticity of these techniques allows their inclusion in human biomonitoring studies, adding important information with the ultimate aim of disease prevention, in particular cancer, and so it is important that they be included as genotoxicity assays in molecular epidemiology.
机译：分子流行病学是一种越来越多地用于建立有害物质暴露与疾病发展之间的联系的方法，其中包括遗传易感性因子的可能调控。空气，水和土壤的人为污染引起的环境化学物质和污染物，也特别是在职业环境中产生的污染物，是潜在的疾病风险来源。同样，饮食在这一过程中也起着重要作用，营养与某些类型的癌症之间存在着一些特征鲜明的关联。遗传毒性生物标志物可以检测出由于个人与环境之间的相互作用而产生的早期效应;因此，它们是癌症流行病学中的重要工具，并广泛用于人类生物监测研究。这项工作旨在概述遗传毒性作用评估的潜力，特别是在环境和职业环境（包括饮食）中通过胞质分裂封闭微核试验和彗星试验进行评估。这些技术的可塑性使它们可以被包括在人类生物监测研究中，并以预防疾病，特别是癌症的最终目的为基础添加了重要的信息，因此，将它们作为分子毒性测定法包括在分子流行病学中非常重要。

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