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首页> 外文期刊>AIMS Genetics >Both RAD5-dependent and independent pathways are involved in DNA damage-associated sister chromatid exchange in budding yeast
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Both RAD5-dependent and independent pathways are involved in DNA damage-associated sister chromatid exchange in budding yeast

机译：RAD5依赖性途径和独立途径均参与发芽酵母中与DNA损伤相关的姐妹染色单体交换

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Sister chromatids are preferred substrates for recombinational repair after cells are exposed to DNA damage. While some agents directly cause double-strand breaks (DSBs), others form DNA base adducts which stall or impede the DNA replication fork. We asked which types of DNA damage can stimulate SCE in budding yeast mutants defective in template switch mechanisms and whether PCNA polyubiquitination functions are required for DNA damage-associated SCE after exposure to potent recombinagens. We measured spontaneous and DNA damage-associated unequal sister chromatid exchange (uSCE) in yeast strains containing two fragments of his3 after exposure to MMS, 4-NQO, UV, X rays, and HO endonuclease-induced DSBs. We determined whether other genes in the pathway for template switching, including UBC13 , MMS2 , SGS1 , and SRS2 were required for DNA damage-associated SCE. RAD5 was required for DNA damage-associated SCE after exposure to UV, MMS, and 4-NQO, but not for spontaneous, X-ray-associated, or HO endonuclease-induced SCE. While UBC13 , MMS2 , and SGS1 were required for MMS and 4NQO-associated SCE, they were not required for UV-associated SCE. DNA damage-associated recombination between his3 recombination substrates on non-homologous recombination was enhanced in rad5 mutants. These results demonstrate that DNA damaging agents that cause DSBs stimulate SCE by RAD5 -independent mechanisms, while several potent agents that generate bulky DNA adducts stimulate SCE by multiple RAD5 -dependent mechanisms. We suggest that DSB-associated recombination that occurs in G2 is RAD5 -independent.
机译：姐妹染色单体是细胞暴露于DNA损伤后进行重组修复的优选底物。虽然某些试剂直接导致双链断裂（DSB），但其他试剂会形成DNA碱基加合物，从而阻止或阻碍DNA复制叉。我们询问了哪些类型的DNA损伤可以刺激模板转换机制有缺陷的发芽酵母突变体中的SCE，以及​​在暴露于强力重组后与DNA损伤相关的SCE是否需要PCNA多泛素化功能。我们在暴露于MMS，4-NQO，UV，X射线和HO内切核酸酶诱导的DSBs后，在含有his3两个片段的酵母菌株中，测量了自发的与DNA损伤相关的不等姐妹染色单体交换（uSCE）。我们确定了与DNA损伤相关的SCE是否需要模板转换途径中的其他基因，包括UBC13，MMS2，SGS1和SRS2。暴露于UV，MMS和4-NQO后，与DNA损伤相关的SCE需要RAD5，但对于自发，X射线相关或HO内切核酸酶诱导的SCE则不需要。 MMS和4NQO关联的SCE需要UBC13，MMS2和SGS1，而UV关联的SCE不需要UBC13，MMS2和SGS1。在rad5突变体中，his3重组底物之间非同源重组的DNA损伤相关重组得到增强。这些结果表明，引起DSB的DNA破坏剂通过RAD5独立的机制刺激SCE，而产生庞大DNA加合物的几种有效药物通过RAD5依赖性的机制刺激SCE。我们建议发生在G2中的DSB相关重组是RAD5独立的。

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