Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disease in which the final step leading to morbidity is the polymerization of deoxyhemoglobin S. Therefore, one of the recommended treatments for sickle cell disease is its inhibition. For this reason, the aim of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory properties of Morinda lucida semi-ethanolic extract on the polymerization of deoxyhemoglobin S. The deoxyhemoglobin polymerization was induced by sodium dithionite in a phosphate buffer in the absence and presence of M. lucida extract. Then the absorption spectrum of each sample was determined and the absorbance at 578 and 630 nm, respectively for hemoglobin and methemoglobin was measured. The solution of deoxyhemoglobin with dithionite presents a very cloudy appearance unlike negative control (without dithionite) which has a clear appearance. The results showed a 58.6% increase in turbidity (absorbance) compared to the negative control. M. lucida extract (1.5 mg cm-3) reduces very significantly the polymerization (p<0.001). The absorbance is 0.636 versus 1.331 for the positive control and 0.839 for the negative control. The oxidation of hemoglobin to methemoglobin as revealed by the absorption peak at 630 nm is significantly inhibited by the extract (p<0.000). M. lucida induces 52.5% inhibition of oxidation. This antioxidant property was confirmed by the results of the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test. Results showed that the semi-ethanolic extract of M. lucida very significantly decreases the deoxyhemoglobin S polymerization. Moreover the extract has an antioxidant property which prevents hemoglobin oxidation in methemoglobin.
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