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首页> 外文期刊>Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America >Effective water management practices in irrigated rice to ensure food security and mitigate climate change in a tropical climate
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Effective water management practices in irrigated rice to ensure food security and mitigate climate change in a tropical climate

机译：灌溉水稻的有效水管理实践，以确保粮食安全和缓解热带气候中的气候变化

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Rice is consumed by billions of people in the world and it is estimated that over 75 percent of the world’s rice is produced using continuous flooding water management practices. Studies indicate that continuous flooding has numerous disadvantages like low water use efficiencies and high emissions of methane. In order to ensure food security faced with the increasing competition for water and also to mitigate climate change, it is desirable to propose alternate water management practices to farmers. A study was carried out in Cameroon to compare the performance of local varieties of rice under different water management practices. The objectives were to: evaluate the effect of different water management practices on the growth and yield of three local rice varieties; and to determine the effect of various water management practices on the water use efficiency and water productivity of irrigated rice. Four water management regimes (continuous flooding maintained at a depth of 3 cm, intermittent flow at depths of, 3, 5 and 7 cm) and three local rice varieties were tested in a split-plot design with three replicates. The main plot factor was water management regime and the sub-plot factor, variety. The study indicates that the various water management practice do not significantly affect plant height (p>0.05). The varieties were significantly different in plant height (p<0.05). There was a significant (p<0.05) interaction between water management regime and variety on plant height. Between 39 and 47 % of the irrigation water used under continuous flooding as is practiced by most farmers in sub-Saharan Africa can be saved by the adoption of intermittent irrigation at 3-5 cm depth. The water use efficiency in intermittent irrigation with an application of 3 cm is about 100 % greater than that in continuous flooding irrigation with the same depth. For intermittent irrigation with a depth of 5 cm, the improvement is about 80 %. Intermittent irrigation produces yields which are not significantly different from continuous flooding irrigation but with a water use efficiency of up to 100 % higher. Intermittent water application with a depth of 3 cm had a water productivity of about 88 % higher than that obtained with continuous flooding irrigation. Intermittent irrigation with applied depths of 3-5 cm should therefore be promoted in sub-Saharan Africa to ensure food security while at the same time mitigating climate change through reduced production of methane.
机译：大米被全球数十亿人食用，据估计，世界上超过75％的大米是通过持续的洪水管理实践生产的。研究表明，连续驱油具有许多缺点，例如用水效率低和甲烷排放量高。为了确保面对日益激烈的水竞争的粮食安全并减轻气候变化，人们希望向农民提出替代的水管理方法。在喀麦隆进行了一项研究，比较了不同水管理措施下当地水稻品种的表现。目的是：评估不同的水管理措施对三种当地水稻品种的生长和产量的影响;并确定各种水管理实践对灌溉水稻的水分利用效率和水生产率的影响。在分块设计中测试了四个水管理方案（在3 cm的深度上连续注水，在3、5和7 cm的深度上断断续续地流动）和三个本地水稻品种，并进行了三个重复试验。主要情节因素是水资源管理制度，次情节因素是多样性。研究表明，各种水管理措施均不会显着影响株高（p> 0.05）。品种的株高显着不同（p <0.05）。水分管理制度与品种高度之间的显着（p <0.05）相互作用。撒哈拉以南非洲大多数农民在连续洪水下使用的灌溉水中有39％至47％可以通过采用3-5厘米深度的间歇灌溉来节省。间隔灌溉3 cm时的用水效率要比相同深度的连续洪水灌溉高100％。对于深度为5厘米的间歇灌溉，改善约为80％。间歇灌溉的产量与连续洪水灌溉的产量没有显着差异，但用水效率高出100％。深度为3 cm的间歇供水比连续注水的生产率高约88％。因此，应在撒哈拉以南非洲地区推广应用3-5厘米深度的间歇灌溉，以确保粮食安全，同时通过减少甲烷的产生缓解气候变化。

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