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首页> 外文期刊>Annales Geophysicae >Observations of multi-microsecond VHF pulsetrains in energetic intracloud lightning discharges
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Observations of multi-microsecond VHF pulsetrains in energetic intracloud lightning discharges

机译:高能云内闪电放电中多微秒VHF脉冲序列的观测

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摘要

Certain intracloud lightning discharges emit energetic, multi-microsecondpulsetrains of radio noise. Observations of this distinctive form oflightning date from 1980 and have involved both ground-based andsatellite-based radio recording systems. The underlying intracloud lightningdischarges have been referred to as "Narrow Bipolar Pulses", "NarrowBipolar Events", and "Compact Intracloud Discharges". An importantdiscriminant for this species of radio emission is that, in the range above~30 MHz, it consists of several microseconds of intense radio noise.When the intracloud emission is viewed from a satellite, each radiopulsetrain is received both from a direct lightning-to-satellite path, andafter some delay, from a path via ground. Thus one recording of the radioemission, if of sufficient length, contains the "view" of the intracloudemission from two different angles. One view is of radiation exiting theemitter into the upper hemisphere, the other for radiation exiting into thelower hemisphere. However, the propagation conditions are similar, exceptthat one path includes a ground reflection, while the other does not.One would normally expect a stereoscopic double view of the "same"emission process to provide two almost congruent time series, one delayedfrom the other, and also differing due to the different propagation effectsalong the two signal paths, namely, the ground reflection. We presentsomewhat unexpected results on this matter, using recordings from the FORTEsatellite at a passband 118–141 MHz, with simultaneous data at 26–49 MHz. Wefind that the 118–141 MHz pulsetrain's detailed time-dependence iscompletely uncorrelated between the two views of the process. We examinestatistics of the 118–141 MHz pulsetrain's integrated power and show thatthe power emitted into the lower hemisphere, on average, exceeds the poweremitted into the upper hemisphere. Finally, we examine statistical measuresof the amplitude distribution and show that the 118–141 MHz signal emitteddownward is slightly more dominated by discrete, temporally-narrow impulsesthan is the signal emitted upward.
机译:某些云内闪电放电会发出能量高的,多微秒脉冲的无线电噪声。这种独特的闪电观测始于1980年,涉及地面和卫星无线电记录系统。潜在的云内雷电放电已被称为“窄双极脉冲”,“窄双极事件”和“紧凑型云内放电”。这种无线电发射的一个重要判别是,在高于30 MHz的范围内,它包含几微秒的强烈无线电噪声。 当从卫星查看云内发射时,每个无线电脉冲都被接收到。从雷电到卫星的直接路径,以及经过一段时间的延迟后,从地面经过的路径。因此,如果有足够的长度,则对放射的一次记录包含从两个不同角度观察云内放射的“视图”。一种观点是辐射从发射器射入上半球,另一种观点是辐射射入下半球。但是,传播条件是相似的,除了一条路径包含地面反射,而另一条路径则没有。 通常,人们期望“相同”发射过程的立体双重视图提供两个几乎一致的时间序列。 ,一个相对于另一个延迟,并且还由于两个信号路径(即,地面反射)之间的不同传播效果而不同。我们使用来自FORTEsatellite在118​​-141 MHz的通带上的记录以及26-49 MHz的同时数据来呈现出一些出乎意料的结果。我们发现,在两个过程视图之间,118-141 MHz脉冲序列的详细时间依赖性是完全不相关的。我们检查了118–141 MHz脉冲序列的积分功率的统计数据,并显示出平均发射到下半球的功率超过了发射到上半球的功率。最后,我们检查了幅度分布的统计量度,发现向下发出的118-141 MHz信号比向上发出的信号受离散的时间窄脉冲的影响更大。

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