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Programs for fixed-time artificial insemination in South American beef cattle

机译：南美肉牛定时人工授精程序

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Fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) has been widely applied in South America within the last 20 years for the genetic improvement of commercial beef herds. Most FTAI treatments for beef cattle used in South America are based on the use of progesterone (P4) releasing devices and estradiol to synchronize follicle wave emergence, with pregnancies per AI (P/AI) ranging from 40 to 60%. More recent protocols focusing on extending the interval from device removal to FTAI (i.e. increasing the growing period of the ovulatory follicle) have been reported to improve P/AI in beef cattle. These new protocols and the more traditional FTAI protocols have also been adapted for use with sexed-sorted semen with acceptable P/AI in beef cattle. Finally, color-flow Doppler ultrasonography has been incorporated recently to determine the vascularity of the CL and thereby detect pregnancy as early as Day 22 after the first AI for re-synchronization of ovulation for a second FTAI in non-pregnant animals. In summary, FTAI protocols have facilitated the widespread application of AI in South American beef cattle by allowing for the insemination and re-insemination of herds during a defined breeding season, without the necessity of clean up bulls to achieve high pregnancy rates.
机译：在过去的20年中，固定时间人工授精（FTAI）已在南美广泛用于商业牛肉群的遗传改良。南美使用的大多数FTAI肉牛治疗方法都是基于使用孕酮（P4）释放装置和雌二醇来同步卵泡波的出现，每个AI（P / AI）的妊娠率在40％至60％之间。据报道，更新的协议侧重于从去除器械到FTAI的间隔时间延长（即增加排卵卵泡的生长期），可改善肉牛的P / AI。这些新规程和更传统的FTAI规程也已被改编用于肉牛中具有可接受P / AI的按性别分类的精液。最后，最近已合并了彩色多普勒超声检查，以确定CL的血管，从而早在第一个AI使非怀孕动物的第二个FTAI的排卵重新同步后的第22天就检测到了怀孕。总而言之，FTAI协议通过允许在定义的繁殖季节内进行授精和再授精，从而促进了AI在南美肉牛中的广泛应用，而无需清理公牛以实现高怀孕率。

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