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Evolution of Metallo-β-lactamases: Trends Revealed by Natural Diversity and in vitro Evolution

机译:金属β-内酰胺酶的进化:自然多样性和体外进化揭示的趋势。

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The production of β-lactamase enzymes is one of the most distributed resistance mechanisms towards β-lactam antibiotics. Metallo-β-lactamases constitute a worrisome group of these kinds of enzymes, since they present a broad spectrum profile, being able to hydrolyze not only penicillins, but also the latest generation of cephalosporins and carbapenems, which constitute at present the last resource antibiotics. The VIM, IMP, and NDM enzymes comprise the main groups of clinically relevant metallo-β-lactamases. Here we present an update of the features of the natural variants that have emerged and of the ones that have been engineered in the laboratory, in an effort to find sequence and structural determinants of substrate preferences. This knowledge is of upmost importance in novel drug design efforts. We also discuss the advances in knowledge achieved by means of in vitro directed evolution experiments, and the potential of this approach to predict natural evolution of metallo-β-lactamases.
机译:β-内酰胺酶的产生是对β-内酰胺抗生素最广泛分布的耐药机制之一。金属-β-内酰胺酶构成了这类酶中的一个令人担忧的组,因为它们具有广谱的谱图,不仅能够水解青霉素,而且还能够水解最新一代的头孢菌素和碳青霉烯类(目前构成最后一种抗生素)。 VIM,IMP和NDM酶包括临床相关的金属β-内酰胺酶的主要类别。在这里,我们介绍了已出现的自然变异和在实验室中工程化的自然变异的特征的更新,以寻找底物偏好的序列和结构决定因素。在新颖的药物设计工作中,这一知识至关重要。我们还将讨论通过体外定向进化实验获得的知识进展,以及这种方法预测金属β-内酰胺酶自然进化的潜力。

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