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首页> 外文期刊>Aquaculture Reports >Feeding stimulants in an omnivorous species, crucian carp Carassius carassius (Linnaeus 1758)
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Feeding stimulants in an omnivorous species, crucian carp Carassius carassius (Linnaeus 1758)

机译：在杂食性物种，鱼assi中饲养刺激物（Linnaeus 1758）

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Many fish are during feeding dependent on both an olfactory and gustatory sense. Olfaction that acts as the distance sense induces arousal, food search behaviour and attraction to the source, followed by examination of food items by the gustatory sense. During buccal handling the fish decide if the feed will be rejected or swallowed. Amino acids are often stimulatory to the gustatory sense and can act as feeding stimulants. There are, however, inter-species differences concerning what kinds of amino acids act as feeding stimulants or deterrents. The species differences are probably dependent on the natural food choice. As feeding stimulating molecules increase feeding and growth, but deterrents have the reverse effect, it is important to know what kind of molecules have either effect. In the present study we record mouth handling time in the omnivorous crucian carp, Carassius carassius, of agar pellets containing water extracts of meal consisting of ordinary food pellets, blue mussels or a commercial carp attractant. These tests were followed by testing with agar pellets with synthetic amino acids, based on the content of the water extracts of the food pellets that was the only feeding stimulant. Neither extracts of mussel meal or of commercial carp attractants had a stimulating effect, i.e. no significant difference in handling time compared to agar pellets with only water. A mixture of five of the major amino acids in the food pellet extract (40mM alanine, 20mM glycine, 20mM arginine, 8mM serine, 8mM leucin) gave a significant longer handling time compared to agar pellets with only water. The handling time was also longer for the three amino acids that had the highest concentrations (40mM Ala, 20mM Gly, 20mM Arg) and finally with only alanine (128mM). Agar pellets with only Ala gave, however, a significant shorter handling time compared to agar pellets with food pellet extract. The mussel meal extract had the same content of free amino acids and their ranking order was the same as in extracts of food pellets, but at much higher concentrations. Based on the free amino acid content, the mussel extract should have stimulated feeding. This indicates that the mussel extract contained compounds that acted as feeding deterrents in omnivorous crucian carp that do not feed on blue mussels in their natural environment. Previous studies have shown that blue mussel extracts act as feeding stimulants in several bottom feeding carnivorous fish. We finally tested betaine (100mM) but the molecule had no significant stimulating effect that has been observed in some other fish species.
机译：许多鱼在喂食期间都依赖嗅觉和味觉。充当距离感的嗅觉会引起唤醒，食物搜寻行为和对来源的吸引，然后通过味觉来检查食物。在颊处理过程中，鱼会决定是否拒绝或吞食饲料。氨基酸通常对味觉有刺激作用，可以作为进食刺激物。但是，关于哪种氨基酸作为饲料的刺激剂或威慑剂，种间存在差异。物种差异可能取决于天然食物的选择。由于刺激饲料的分子增加了饲料的生长，但是威慑作用却相反，因此重要的是要知道哪种分子都具有这种作用。在本研究中，我们记录了杂食性cru鱼Carassius carassius中含有普通食品颗粒，青口贻贝或商业鲤鱼引诱剂的粉状水提取物的琼脂颗粒的口腔处理时间。这些测试之后，根据食品颗粒水提取物（唯一的饲料刺激物）的含量，对含有合成氨基酸的琼脂颗粒进行测试。贻贝粉或商业鲤鱼引诱剂的提取物均无刺激作用，即与仅加水的琼脂沉淀相比，处理时间无显着差异。与仅用水琼脂沉淀相比，食品沉淀提取物中五种主要氨基酸的混合物（40mM丙氨酸，20mM甘氨酸，20mM精氨酸，8mM丝氨酸，8mM亮氨酸）具有更长的处理时间。对于浓度最高的三种氨基酸（40mM Ala，20mM Gly，20mM Arg），最后只有丙氨酸（128mM），处理时间也更长。但是，仅含Ala的琼脂小丸与含有食品颗粒提取物的琼脂小丸相比，处理时间明显缩短。贻贝粉提取物具有相同的游离氨基酸含量，其排列顺序与食品颗粒提取物中的相同，但浓度要高得多。根据游离氨基酸的含量，贻贝提取物应能刺激进食。这表明贻贝提取物所含的化合物起杂食性cru鱼的摄食威慑作用，在其自然环境中不以蓝贻贝为食。先前的研究表明，蓝贻贝提取物在几种底部取食的食肉鱼中起着喂食兴奋剂的作用。我们最终测试了甜菜碱（100mM），但该分子没有在其他鱼类中观察到的明显刺激作用。

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