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Regulation of Germinal Center Reactions by B and T Cells

机译：B和T细胞对生殖中心反应的调节

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Break of B cell tolerance to self-antigens results in the development of autoantibodies and, thus, leads to autoimmunity. How B cell tolerance is maintained during active germinal center (GC) reactions is yet to be fully understood. Recent advances revealed several subsets of T cells and B cells that can positively or negatively regulate GC B cell responses in vivo. IL-21-producing CXCR5+ CD4+ T cells comprise a distinct lineage of helper T cells—termed follicular helper T cells (TFH)—that can provide help for the development of GC reactions where somatic hypermutation and affinity maturation take place. Although the function of TFH cells is beneficial in generating high affinity antibodies against infectious agents, aberrant activation of TFH cell or B cell to self-antigens results in autoimmunity. At least three subsets of immune cells have been proposed as regulatory cells that can limit such antibody-mediated autoimmunity, including follicular regulatory T cells (TFR), Qa-1 restricted CD8+ regulatory T cells (CD8+TREG), and regulatory B cells (BREG). In this review, we will discuss our current understanding of GC B cell regulation with specific emphasis on the newly identified immune cell subsets involved in this process.
机译：B细胞对自身抗原的耐受性的破坏导致自身抗体的发展，并因此导致自身免疫。在活跃的生发中心（GC）反应过程中如何维持B细胞耐受性尚未完全了解。最近的进展显示，T细胞和B细胞的几个子集可以在体内正向或负向调节GC B细胞反应。产生IL-21的CXCR5 + CD4 + T细胞包含独特的辅助T细胞谱系-称为卵泡辅助T细胞（T FH ） -可为发生体细胞超突变和亲和力成熟的GC反应提供帮助。尽管T FH 细胞的功能有利于产生抗感染因子的高亲和力抗体，但T FH 细胞或B细胞异常活化为自身抗原仍可导致自身免疫。已提出至少三类免疫细胞作为可限制此类抗体介导的自身免疫的调节细胞，包括卵泡调节性T细胞（T FR ），Qa-1限制性CD8 + 调节性T细胞（CD8 + T REG ）和调节性B细胞（B REG ）。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论我们目前对GC B细胞调控的理解，特别强调这一过程中涉及的新鉴定的免疫细胞亚群。

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