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首页> 外文期刊>Advancements in Life Sciences >Human Cryptosporidiosis: An insight into Epidemiology, Modern Diagnostic Tools and Recent Drug Discoveries
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Human Cryptosporidiosis: An insight into Epidemiology, Modern Diagnostic Tools and Recent Drug Discoveries

机译：人类隐孢子虫病：流行病学，现代诊断工具和最新药物发现的见解

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Cryptosporidiosis is an emerging food and water borne zoonotic disease, which is caused by genus Cryptosporidium . The first Cryptosporidium spp. was isolated from mice in 1907 and gained importance when it was found in an HIV positive patient. It usually causes self-limiting diarrhea in young children and immunocompetent patients. However, it may lead to chronic diarrhea with life threatening condition in immunocompromised patients. Other complications related to this transmittable infection may include respiratory problems, skin rashes and headache. HIV/AIDS patients are highly susceptible host for this parasite. Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium hominis are the known pathogenic species, prevalent among humans and they are being transmitted through contaminated food and water. Usually, the diagnosis of Cryptosporidium spp. is dependent on microscopic technique in many countries, which has a low sensitivity and specificity leading to false positive results. However, for a step forward to successful epidemiological studies, advanced techniques (Serological and DNA-based) provide us the better ways of diagnosis with more sensitivity and specificity. Furthermore, no antiparasitic drug has found to be effective against Cryptosporidium spp. except Nitazoxanide which is FDA-approved and effective only when administered along with antiretroviral therapy. In this regard, present review summarizes the various epidemiological studies conducted around the globe along with modern diagnostic tools and the suitable treatment available now a days. This systemized review will help the scientists to better understand all the aspects of cryptosporidiosis at one platform which may help in designing surveillance studies through selection of sensitive diagnostic techniques. The new drugs mentioned in this review may also help to better control this parasite in humans, especially immunocompromised individuals.
机译：隐孢子虫病是一种新兴的食水传播的人畜共患病，由隐孢子虫属引起。第一个隐孢子虫属。于1907年从小鼠体内分离出这种病毒，当在一名HIV阳性患者中被发现时，这种病毒就变得越来越重要。它通常会导致幼儿和具有免疫功能的患者的自限性腹泻。但是，它可能导致免疫功能低下的患者出现危及生命的慢性腹泻。与这种可传播感染有关的其他并发症可能包括呼吸系统问题，皮疹和头痛。 HIV / AIDS患者是这种寄生虫的高度易感宿主。小隐隐孢子虫和人隐隐孢子虫是已知的致病物种，在人类中普遍存在，并通过受污染的食物和水传播。通常，隐孢子虫的诊断。在许多国家/地区都依赖于显微技术，这种技术的敏感性和特异性低，导致假阳性结果。然而，为了成功地进行流行病学研究，先进的技术（基于血清学和基于DNA的技术）为我们提供了更好的诊断方法，具有更高的灵敏度和特异性。此外，还没有发现抗寄生虫药能有效地对抗隐孢子虫。除了Nitazoxanide，它是FDA批准的且仅在与抗逆转录病毒疗法同时给药时有效。在这方面，本综述总结了当今全球进行的各种流行病学研究以及现代诊断工具和适当的治疗方法。这项系统的综述将帮助科学家在一个平台上更好地了解隐孢子虫病的各个方面，这可能有助于通过选择敏感的诊断技术来设计监测研究。这篇综述中提到的新药也可能有助于更好地控制人类尤其是免疫功能低下的人体内的这种寄生虫。

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