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首页> 外文期刊>Atmospheric chemistry and physics >Biomass burning emissions of trace gases and particles in marine air at Cape Grim, Tasmania
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Biomass burning emissions of trace gases and particles in marine air at Cape Grim, Tasmania

机译：塔斯马尼亚州格里姆角的海洋空气中的生物质燃烧痕量气体和微粒的排放物

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Biomass burning (BB) plumes were measured at the Cape Grim Baseline AirPollution Station during the 2006 Precursors to Particles campaign, whenemissions from a fire on nearby Robbins Island impacted the station.Measurements made included non-methane organic compounds (NMOCs) (PTR-MS),particle number size distribution, condensation nuclei (CN)> 3 nm, black carbon (BC) concentration, cloud condensation nuclei(CCN) number, ozone (O3), methane (CH4), carbon monoxide(CO), hydrogen (H2), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide(N2O), halocarbons and meteorology.During the first plume strike event (BB1), a 4 h enhancement of CO (max~ 2100 ppb), BC (~ 1400 ng m-3) and particles> 3 nm (~ 13 000 cm-3) with dominant particlemode of 120 nm were observed overnight. A wind direction change leadto a dramatic reduction in BB tracers and a drop in the dominant particlemode to 50 nm. The dominant mode increased in size to 80 nmover 5 h in calm sunny conditions, accompanied by an increase inozone. Due to an enhancement in BC but not CO during particle growth, thepresence of BB emissions during this period could not be confirmed.The ability of particles > 80 nm (CN80) to act as CCN at 0.5 %supersaturation was investigated. The ΔCCN / ΔCN80 ratio waslowest during the fresh BB plume (56 ± 8 %), higher during theparticle growth period (77 ± 4 %) and higher still (104 ± 3 %)in background marine air. Particle size distributions indicate that changesto particle chemical composition, rather than particle size, are drivingthese changes. Hourly average CCN during both BB events were between 2000 and5000 CCN cm-3, which were enhanced above typical backgroundlevels by a factor of 6–34, highlighting the dramatic impact BB plumes canhave on CCN number in clean marine regions.During the 29 h of the second plume strike event (BB2) CO, BC and arange of NMOCs including acetonitrile and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) were clearlyenhanced and some enhancements in O3 were observed(ΔO3 / ΔCO 0.001–0.074). A short-lived increase in NMOCs bya factor of 10 corresponded with a large CO enhancement, an increase of theNMOC / CO emission ratio (ER) by a factor of 2–4 and a halving of theBC / CO ratio. Rainfall on Robbins Island was observed by radar duringthis period which likely resulted in a lower fire combustion efficiency, andhigher emission of compounds associated with smouldering. This highlights theimportance of relatively minor meteorological events on BB emission ratios.Emission factors (EFs) were derived for a range of trace gases, some neverbefore reported for Australian fires, (including hydrogen, phenol andtoluene) using the carbon mass balance method. This provides a unique set ofEFs for Australian coastal heathland fires. Methyl halide EFs were higher thanEFs reported from other studies in Australia and the Northern Hemisphere whichis likely due to high halogen content in vegetation on Robbins Island.This work demonstrates the substantial impact that BB plumes can have on thecomposition of marine air, and the significant changes that can occur as theplume interacts with terrestrial, aged urban and marine emission sources.
机译：在2006年的前驱粒子行动中，Cape Grim基线空气污染站测量了生物质燃烧（BB）羽流，当时附近罗宾斯岛附近的大火排放影响了该站，测量包括非甲烷有机化合物（NMOC）（PTR-MS ），颗粒数大小分布，凝结核（CN）> 3 nm，黑碳（BC）浓度，云凝结核（CCN）数，臭氧（O 3 ），甲烷（CH 4 ），一氧化碳（CO），氢（H 2 ），二氧化碳（CO 2 ），一氧化二氮（N 2 O），卤代烃和气象学。 在第一次羽状撞击事件（BB1）期间，CO（最大〜2100 ppb），BC（〜1400 ng m -3 < / sup>）和> 3 nm（〜13000 cm -3 ）且主粒子模式为120 nm的粒子过夜。风向的变化导致BB示踪剂急剧减少，主粒子模式下降到50 nm。在平静的晴天条件下，在5小时内，主导模式的大小增加到80 nm，并伴随着臭氧增加。由于颗粒生长过程中BC的增加而不是CO的增加，因此无法确认在此期间BB排放的存在。 在0.5％的过饱和度下，> 80 nm（CN80）的颗粒充当CCN的能力为调查。在新鲜的BB羽流中，ΔCCN/ΔCN80比最低（56±8％），在颗粒生长期（背景空气）中，ΔCCN/ΔCN80比更高（104±3％）。粒度分布表明，颗粒化学成分的变化而不是粒度正在驱动这些变化。两次BB事件期间的每小时平均CCN在2000到5000 CCN cm -3 之间，比典型背景水平提高了6–34倍，突出了BB羽对清洁海洋中CCN数量的巨大影响 在第二次羽流事件（BB2）的29小时内，CO，BC以及包括乙腈和氰化氢（HCN）在内的一系列NMOC均得到明显增强，O 3 （ΔO 3 /ΔCO0.001–0.074）。 NMOC的短暂增加10倍对应于大量的CO增强，NMOC / CO排放比（ER）增加2-4倍，BC / CO减少一半。在此期间，用雷达观测到罗宾斯岛的降雨，这可能导致较低的火灾燃烧效率，以及与烟雾oul绕有关的化合物的较高排放。这凸显了相对较小的气象事件对BB排放比的重要性。 排放因子（EFs）是针对一系列痕量气体得出的，一些以前从未报道过的澳大利亚火灾（包括氢气，苯酚和甲苯）使用了碳。质量平衡法。这为澳大利亚沿海荒地大火提供了一套独特的EF。卤代甲烷EFs高于澳大利亚和北半球其他研究报告的EFs，这很可能是由于罗宾斯岛上植被中的卤素含量高。 这项工作证明了BB羽对海洋构成具有重大影响。空气，以及当浮油与地面，老化的城市和海洋排放源相互作用时可能发生的重大变化。

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