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首页> 外文期刊>Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions >Biomass burning emissions of trace gases and particles in marine air at Cape Grim, Tasmania
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Biomass burning emissions of trace gases and particles in marine air at Cape Grim, Tasmania

机译：塔斯马尼亚州格里姆角的海洋空气中的生物质燃烧痕量气体和微粒的排放物

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pstrongAbstract./strong Biomass burning (BB) plumes were measured at the Cape Grim Baseline Air Pollution Station during the 2006 Precursors to Particles campaign, when emissions from a fire on nearby Robbins Island impacted the station. Measurements made included non-methane organic compounds (NMOCs) (PTR-MS), particle number size distribution, condensation nuclei (CN) 3 nm, black carbon (BC) concentration, cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) number, ozone (Osub3/sub), methane (CHsub4/sub), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (Hsub2/sub), carbon dioxide (COsub2/sub), nitrous oxide (Nsub2/subO), halocarbons and meteorology. brbr During the first plume strike event (BB1), a 4 h enhancement of CO (max ~ 2100 ppb), BC (~ 1400 ng msup-3/sup) and particles 3 nm (~ 13 000 cmsup-3/sup) with dominant particle mode of 120 nm were observed overnight. A wind direction change lead to a dramatic reduction in BB tracers and a drop in the dominant particle mode to 50 nm. The dominant mode increased in size to 80 nm over 5 h in calm sunny conditions, accompanied by an increase in ozone. Due to an enhancement in BC but not CO during particle growth, the presence of BB emissions during this period could not be confirmed. brbr The ability of particles 80 nm (CN80) to act as CCN at 0.5 % supersaturation was investigated. The ΔCCN / ΔCN80 ratio was lowest during the fresh BB plume (56 ?± 8 %), higher during the particle growth period (77 ?± 4 %) and higher still (104 ?± 3 %) in background marine air. Particle size distributions indicate that changes to particle chemical composition, rather than particle size, are driving these changes. Hourly average CCN during both BB events were between 2000 and 5000 CCN cmsup-3/sup, which were enhanced above typical background levels by a factor of 6a??34, highlighting the dramatic impact BB plumes can have on CCN number in clean marine regions. brbr During the 29 h of the second plume strike event (BB2) CO, BC and a range of NMOCs including acetonitrile and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) were clearly enhanced and some enhancements in Osub3/sub were observed (ΔOsub3/sub / ΔCO 0.001a??0.074). A short-lived increase in NMOCs by a factor of 10 corresponded with a large CO enhancement, an increase of the NMOC / CO emission ratio (ER) by a factor of 2a??4 and a halving of the BC / CO ratio. Rainfall on Robbins Island was observed by radar during this period which likely resulted in a lower fire combustion efficiency, and higher emission of compounds associated with smouldering. This highlights the importance of relatively minor meteorological events on BB emission ratios. brbr Emission factors (EFs) were derived for a range of trace gases, some never before reported for Australian fires, (including hydrogen, phenol and toluene) using the carbon mass balance method. This provides a unique set of EFs for Australian coastal heathland fires. Methyl halide EFs were higher than EFs reported from other studies in Australia and the Northern Hemisphere which is likely due to high halogen content in vegetation on Robbins Island. brbr This work demonstrates the substantial impact that BB plumes can have on the composition of marine air, and the significant changes that can occur as the plume interacts with terrestrial, aged urban and marine emission sources./p.
机译：> >摘要。在2006年“前驱颗粒物”活动期间，Cape Grim基线空气污染站测量了生物质燃烧（BB）烟流，当时附近罗宾斯岛附近的大火排放对该站产生了影响。进行的测量包括非甲烷有机化合物（NMOC）（PTR-MS），粒径分布，凝结核（CN）> 3 nm，黑碳（BC）浓度，云凝结核（CCN）数，臭氧（O < sub> 3 ），甲烷（CH 4 ），一氧化碳（CO），氢（H 2 ），二氧化碳（CO 2 < / sub>），一氧化二氮（N 2 O），卤化碳和气象学。 在第一个羽流事件（BB1）期间，CO（max〜2100 ppb），BC（〜1400 ng m -3 ）和> 3 nm的颗粒增强4小时观察到过夜（〜13000 cm -3 ）且主粒子模式为120 nm。风向的变化会导致BB示踪剂显着减少，主粒子模式降至50 nm。在平静的晴天条件下，主模式在5小时内的大小增加到80 nm，同时臭氧增加。由于颗粒生长过程中BC的增加而不是CO的增加，因此无法确定在此期间BB排放的存在。 研究了> 80 nm（CN80）的粒子在0.5％过饱和度下充当CCN的能力。在新鲜的BB羽流中，ΔCCN/ΔCN80比率最低（56？±8％），在颗粒生长期较高（77？±4％），在背景海洋中仍更高（104？±3％）。空气。粒度分布表明，颗粒化学成分的变化而不是粒度正在驱动这些变化。两次BB事件期间的每小时平均CCN在2000到5000 CCN cm -3 之间，比典型背景水平高出6a ?? 34，突出了BB羽对CCN的巨大影响。清洁海洋区域的数量。 在第二次羽流事件（BB2）的29小时内，CO，BC和一系列NMOC（包括乙腈和氰化氢（HCN））明显增强，O 3 3 /ΔCO0.001a≤0.074）。 NMOC的短暂增加10倍对应于大量的CO增强，NMOC / CO排放比（ER）增加2a？4以及BC / CO减半。在此期间，用雷达观测到罗宾斯岛的降雨，这可能导致较低的火灾燃烧效率，以及与烟雾oul绕有关的化合物的较高排放。这突出了相对较小的气象事件对BB排放比的重要性。 排放因子（EFs）使用碳质量平衡法得出了一系列痕量气体的排放因子，其中一些以前从未报道过澳大利亚大火（包括氢气，苯酚和甲苯）。这为澳大利亚沿海荒地大火提供了一套独特的EF。卤代甲烷EFs高于澳大利亚和北半球其他研究报告的EFs，这很可能是由于罗宾斯岛植被中的卤素含量高。 这项工作证明了BB羽对海洋空气成分的巨大影响，以及当羽与地面，老化的城市和海洋排放源相互作用时可能发生的重大变化。。

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