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首页> 外文期刊>Atmospheric chemistry and physics >Trends of HCl, ClONOsub2/sub, and HF column abundances from ground-based FTIR measurements in Kiruna (Sweden) in comparison with KASIMA model calculations
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Trends of HCl, ClONOsub2/sub, and HF column abundances from ground-based FTIR measurements in Kiruna (Sweden) in comparison with KASIMA model calculations

机译：与KASIMA模型计算相比，基律纳（瑞典）地面FTIR测量得出的HCl，ClONO 2 和HF色谱柱丰度趋势

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Trends of hydrogen chloride (HCl), chlorine nitrate (ClONO2), and hydrogenfluoride (HF) total column abundances above Kiruna (Northern Sweden,67.84° N, 20.41° E) derived from nearly 14 years (1996–2009)of measurement and model data are presented. The measurements have beenperformed with a Bruker 120 HR (later Bruker 125 HR) Fourier transforminfrared (FTIR) spectrometer and the chemistry-transport model (CTM) used wasKASIMA (KArlsruhe SImulation model of the Middle Atmosphere). The totalcolumn abundances of ClONO2 and HF calculated by KASIMA agree quite wellwith the FTIR measurements while KASIMA tends to underestimate the HClcolumns.To calculate the long-term trends, a linear function combined with an annualcycle was fitted to the data using a least squares method. The precision ofthe resulting trends was estimated with the bootstrap resampling method.For HF, both model and measurements show a positive trend that seems todecrease in the last few years. This suggests a stabilisation of the HF totalcolumn abundance. Between 1996 and 2009, KASIMA simulates an increase of(+1.51±0.07) %/yr which exceeds the FTIR result of(+0.65±0.25) %/yr.The trends determined for HCl and ClONO2 are significantly negative overthe time period considered here. This is expected because the emission oftheir precursors (chlorofluorocarbons and hydrochlorofluorocarbons) has beenrestricted in the Montreal Protocol in 1987 and its amendments andadjustments. The trend for ClONO2 from the FTIR measurements amounts to(−3.28±0.56) %/yr and the one for HCl to (−0.81±0.23) %/yr. KASIMAsimulates a weaker decrease: For ClONO2, the result is (−0.90±0.10) %/yrand for HCl (−0.17±0.06) %/yr. Part of the differencebetween measurement and model data can be explained by sampling and thestronger annual cycle indicated by the measurements. There is a factor ofabout four between the trends of HCl and ClONO2 above Kiruna for bothmeasurement and model data.
机译：来自基律纳（瑞典北部，67.84°N，20.41°E）的近14年的氯化氢（HCl），硝酸氯（ClONO 2 ）和氟化氢（HF）总柱丰度趋势（介绍了1996年至2009年的测量数据和模型数据。使用Bruker 120 HR（后来的Bruker 125 HR）傅立叶变换红外（FTIR）光谱仪进行了测量，所使用的化学传输模型（CTM）为KASIMA（中层大气的卡尔斯鲁厄模拟模型）。 KASIMA计算得出的ClONO 2 和HF的总柱丰度与FTIR测量值非常吻合，而KASIMA往往低估了HCl柱。 要计算长期趋势，需结合线性函数使用最小二乘法对具有年轮值的数据进行拟合。使用自举重采样方法可以估算出结果趋势的精度。对于HF，模型和测量结果均显示出正趋势，并且在最近几年似乎有所下降。这表明HF总柱丰度稳定。在1996年至2009年之间，KASIMA模拟了（+ 1.51±0.07）％/ yr的增长，超过了（+ 0.65±0.25）％/ yr的FTIR结果。 确定HCl和ClONO的趋势在此考虑的时间内，> 2 显着为负。这是可以预期的，因为其前体（氯氟烃和氢氯氟烃）的排放在1987年的《蒙特利尔议定书》及其修正案和调整案中受到了限制。 FTIR测量得出ClONO 2 的趋势为（-3.28±0.56）％/ yr，HCl的趋势为（-0.81±0.23）％/ yr。 KASIM模拟了一个较小的下降：对于ClONO 2 ，对于HCl（-0.17±0.06）％/ yr，结果为（-0.90±0.10）％/ yrand。测量值和模型数据之间的部分差异可以通过采样和测量值指示的更强的年周期来解释。无论是测量数据还是模型数据，HCl和ClONO 2 的趋势在基律纳上方大约有四个因子。

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