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首页> 外文期刊>Atmospheric chemistry and physics >Trends of HCl, ClONO_2, and HF column abundances from ground-based FTIR measurements in Kiruna (Sweden) in comparison with KASIMA model calculations
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Trends of HCl, ClONO_2, and HF column abundances from ground-based FTIR measurements in Kiruna (Sweden) in comparison with KASIMA model calculations

机译：与KASIMA模型计算相比，基律纳（瑞典）的地面FTIR测量得出的HCl，ClONO_2和HF色谱柱丰度趋势

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摘要

Trends of hydrogen chloride (HCl), chlorine nitrate (ClONO_2), and hydrogen fluoride (HF) total column abundances above Kiruna (Northern Sweden, 67.84 ° N, 20.41 ° E) derived from nearly 14 years (1996-2009) of measurement and model data are presented. The measurements have been performed with a Bruker 120 HR (later Bruker 125 HR) Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer and the chemistry-transport model (CTM) used was KASIMA (KArlsruhe SImulation model of the Middle Atmosphere). The total column abundances of ClONO_2 and HF calculated by KASIMA agree quite well with the FTIR measurements while KASIMA tends to underestimate the HCl columns. To calculate the long-term trends, a linear function combined with an annual cycle was fitted to the data using a least squares method. The precision of the resulting trends was estimated with the bootstrap resampling method. For HF, both model and measurements show a positive trend that seems to decrease in the last few years. This suggests a stabilisation of the HF total column abundance. Between 1996 and 2009, KASIMA simulates an increase of (+1.51 ±0.07) %/yr which exceeds the FTIR result of (+0.65 ±0.25) %/yr. The trends determined for HCl and ClONO_2 are significantly negative over the time period considered here. This is expected because the emission of their precursors (chlorofluorocarbons and hydrochlorofluorocarbons) has been restricted in the Montreal Protocol in 1987 and its amendments and adjustments. The trend for ClONO_2 from the FTIR measurements amounts to (3.28 ±0.56) %/yr and the one for HCl to (0.81 ±0.23) %/yr. KASIMA simulates a weaker decrease: For ClONO_2, the result is (0.90 ±0.10) %/yr and for HCl (0.17 ±0.06) %/yr. Part of the difference between measurement and model data can be explained by sampling and the stronger annual cycle indicated by the measurements. There is a factor of about four between the trends of HCl and ClONO_2 above Kiruna for both measurement and model data.
机译：从基律纳（瑞典北部，67.84°N，20.41°E）之上的氯化氢（HCl），硝酸氯（ClONO_2）和氟化氢（HF）总色谱柱丰度的趋势来自近14年的测量和（1996-2009）呈现模型数据。使用Bruker 120 HR（后来的Bruker 125 HR）傅立叶变换红外（FTIR）光谱仪进行了测量，所使用的化学传输模型（CTM）为KASIMA（中层大气的KArlsruhe模拟模型）。 KASIMA计算得出的ClONO_2和HF的总色谱柱丰度与FTIR测量结果非常吻合，而KASIMA往往低估了HCl色谱柱。为了计算长期趋势，使用最小二乘法将线性函数与年度周期相结合来拟合数据。使用自举重采样方法估计了结果趋势的精度。对于HF，模型和测量均显示出积极的趋势，在最近几年中似乎有所下降。这表明HF总色谱柱丰度稳定。在1996年至2009年之间，KASIMA模拟了（+1.51±0.07）％/ yr的增长，超过了FTIR结果（+0.65±0.25）％/ yr的增长。在此处考虑的时间段内，确定的HCl和ClONO_2趋势明显为负。这是可以预期的，因为其前体（氯氟烃和氢氯氟烃）的排放在1987年的《蒙特利尔议定书》及其修正案和调整中受到限制。 FTIR测量得出ClONO_2的趋势为（3.28±0.56）％/ yr，而HCl趋势为（0.81±0.23）％/ yr。 KASIMA模拟了一个较小的下降：对于ClONO_2，结果为（0.90±0.10）％/ yr，对于HCl（0.17±0.06）％/ yr。测量值和模型数据之间的部分差异可以通过抽样来解释，并且测量值可以指示更强的年周期。对于测量和模型数据，在基律纳上方的HCl和ClONO_2趋势之间大约有四个因数。

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