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Emissions of volatile organic compounds inferred from airborne flux measurements over a megacity

机译：从大城市的空气通量测量推断出的挥发性有机化合物的排放

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Toluene and benzene are used for assessing the ability to measuredisjunct eddy covariance (DEC) fluxes of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC)using Proton Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometry (PTR-MS) on aircraft.Statistically significant correlation between vertical wind speed and mixingratios suggests that airborne VOC eddy covariance (EC) flux measurementsusing PTR-MS are feasible. City-median midday toluene and benzene fluxes arecalculated to be on the order of 14.1±4.0 mg/m2/h and 4.7±2.3 mg/m2/h,respectively. For comparison the adjusted CAM2004 emissioninventory estimates toluene fluxes of 10 mg/m2/h along the footprint ofthe flight-track. Wavelet analysis of instantaneous toluene and benzenemeasurements during city overpasses is tested as a tool to assess surfaceemission heterogeneity. High toluene to benzene flux ratios above anindustrial district (e.g. 10–15 g/g) including the International airport(e.g. 3–5 g/g) and a mean flux (concentration) ratio of 3.2±0.5 g/g(3.9±0.3 g/g) across Mexico City indicate that evaporative fuel andindustrial emissions play an important role for the prevalence of aromaticcompounds. Based on a tracer model, which was constrained by BTEX (BTEX–Benzene/Toluene/Ethylbenzene/m, p, o-Xylenes) compoundconcentration ratios, the fuel marker methyl-tertiary-butyl-ether (MTBE) andthe biomass burning marker acetonitrile (CH3CN), we show that acombination of industrial, evaporative fuel, and exhaust emissions accountfor >87% of all BTEX sources. Our observations suggest that biomassburning emissions play a minor role for the abundance of BTEX compounds inthe MCMA (2–13%).
机译：甲苯和苯用于通过质子转移反应质谱（PTR-MS）评估飞机上挥发性有机化合物（VOC）的涡流协方差（DEC）通量的能力。垂直风速与混合比之间的统计显着相关性表明空气使用PTR-MS进行VOC涡流协方差（EC）通量测量是可行的。计算城市中午甲苯和苯通量分别为14.1±4.0 mg / m 2 / h和4.7±2.3 mg / m 2 / h 。为了进行比较，调整后的CAM2004排放清单估计沿飞行轨迹足迹的甲苯通量为10 mg / m 2 / h。测试了城市立交时瞬时甲苯和苯测量的小波分析，以此作为评估表面排放异质性的工具。包括国际机场在内的工业区以上甲苯/苯的通量比高（例如10–15 g / g），例如国际机场（例如3–5 g / g），平均通量（浓度）比为3.2±0.5 g / g（3.9±0.3） g / g）表明，蒸发燃料和工业排放对芳香族化合物的流行起着重要作用。基于示踪剂模型，该模型受BTEX（BTEX–苯/甲苯/乙苯/ m，对，邻二甲苯）化合物的浓度比，燃料标记物甲基叔丁基醚（MTBE）和生物质燃烧标记物乙腈（ CH 3 CN），我们发现工业，蒸发燃料和废气排放的组合占所有BTEX来源的> 87％。我们的观察结果表明，生物质燃烧排放对MCMA中大量BTEX化合物的影响较小（2-13％）。

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