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MODIS aerosol optical depth observations over urban areas in Pakistan: quantity and quality of the data for air quality monitoring

机译：巴基斯坦城市地区MODIS气溶胶光学深度观测：用于空气质量监测的数据的数量和质量

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Ten years (2001–2010) of aerosol optical depth (AOD) observations from the MODerate resolution Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MODIS) over two large urban centers in Pakistan have been analyzed for atmospheric aerosol loading and surface level particulate matter air quality assessments. MODIS Level 2 AOD data over Karachi and Lahore were analyzed for availability of aerosols data, spatial gradients, and long term trends. MODIS AOD used in this analysis is retrieved using the dark target algorithm. Availability of AOD data over Karachi and its surroundings is seriously impacted by the presence of bright surfaces – a well known limitation of the retrieval algorithm. The Lahore region does not experience this problem due to its relatively darker surface, and therefore permits a more in–depth analysis. Due to the lack of available AOD data, analysis over Karachi has not been performed. A spatial gradient of 0.2/degree in AOD have been found over Lahore, which indicate high aerosol loading near the city center as compared to outside the city area. Long–term trend analysis over Lahore shows a decreasing trend in AOD with slope of –0.07 over the last decade. The surface level particulate matter estimates using AOD–PM relationship suggest that Lahore experience unhealthy air quality on more than 80% days in any given year.
机译：对来自巴基斯坦两个大城市中心的现代分辨率成像光谱辐射计（MODIS）进行的十年（2001-2010）气溶胶光学深度（AOD）观测进行了分析，以评估大气中的气溶胶含量和地表颗粒物空气质量评估。分析了卡拉奇和拉合尔地区MODIS 2级AOD数据的气溶胶数据可用性，空间梯度和长期趋势。使用暗目标算法检索此分析中使用的MODIS AOD。明亮的表面的存在严重影响了卡拉奇及其周围地区的AOD数据的可用性-检索算法的众所周知的局限性。拉合尔地区由于其表面相对较暗而不会遇到此问题，因此可以进行更深入的分析。由于缺少可用的AOD数据，因此尚未对卡拉奇进行分析。在拉合尔上空发现AOD的空间梯度为0.2 /度，这表明与市区以外的区域相比，市中心附近的气溶胶负荷较高。在拉合尔进行的长期趋势分析显示，在过去十年中AOD的下降趋势为–0.07。利用AOD-PM关系估算地表颗粒物表明，在任何一年中，拉合尔的空气质量在80％以上的日子都不健康。

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