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首页> 外文期刊>Asian Journal of Engineering, Sciences & Technology >A Low Cost Generator Auto Transfer Switch (ATS) Controller for 2-3 KVA Household Generators
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A Low Cost Generator Auto Transfer Switch (ATS) Controller for 2-3 KVA Household Generators

机译：用于2-3 KVA家用发电机的低成本发电机自动转换开关（ATS）控制器

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摘要

Due to the power crisis in Pakistan there is a growing market of small household generators ranging from 2-3 KVA which can handle the load of a small house comprising of a few fans, lights, a computer and a TV. These generators are cheap and come equipped with a self-start mechanism built into the generator. On the push of a button, the user can start the generator easily. In the cities, normally these generators are used for a short period of time when the power from the grid is not available. When the power from the grid is not available the user starts the generator and connects the load to the generator manually. When the power from the grid becomes available, the user disconnects the generator from the load, turns off the generator and connects the load to the grid manually. Normally this function is performed manually and requires the engagement of the user for turning the generator on and off and shifting the load between the generator and the grid. In this paper we propose a controller which performs these tasks automatically. The controller monitors the grid voltage and when there is no voltage, the controller disconnects the load from the grid, starts the generator and shifts the load to the generator. The controller keeps on monitoring the grid voltage and when it comes back on the system turns off the generator and transfers the load to the grid. This system is very useful in the high rate of power failure crisis occurring in Pakistan and relieves the user from the tedious task of attending to the generator regularly for continuous availability of power. There are some commercially available systems in the market which cost even more than the price of a household generator and hence are not economical for the users of household generators. In this paper we propose a very low cost system which can be built using the commonly available components such as relays, timers, transformers, diodes and capacitors. This controller does not require any programmable components such as microcontroller, FPGA, DSP etc. to perform its function. The number of components is kept to minimum to increase the reliability of the system.
机译：由于巴基斯坦的电力危机，小型家用发电机的市场在不断增长，范围从2-3 KVA不等，可以处理由几扇风扇，灯，电脑和电视组成的小房子的负荷。这些发电机价格便宜，并配备了内置于发电机中的自启动机制。只需按一下按钮，用户即可轻松启动发电机。在城市中，通常无法在电网供电的情况下短时间使用这些发电机。当无法从电网获得电力时，用户将启动发电机并手动将负载连接至发电机。当来自电网的电源可用时，用户将发电机与负载断开连接，关闭发电机，然后将负载手动连接到电网。通常，此功能是手动执行的，需要用户参与才能打开和关闭发电机，以及在发电机和电网之间转移负载。在本文中，我们提出了一种自动执行这些任务的控制器。控制器监视电网电压，当没有电压时，控制器断开负载与电网的连接，启动发电机并将负载转移至发电机。控制器会继续监控电网电压，当电网电压恢复正常时，系统会关闭发电机并将负荷转移到电网。该系统在巴基斯坦发生高停电危机的情况下非常有用，它使用户免于繁琐的任务，该任务是定期照看发电机以持续获得电力。市场上有一些商用系统，其价格甚至超过家用发电机的价格，因此对于家用发电机的用户而言不经济。在本文中，我们提出了一种成本极低的系统，可以使用常用组件（如继电器，计时器，变压器，二极管和电容器）构建该系统。该控制器不需要任何可编程组件，例如微控制器，FPGA，DSP等即可执行其功能。组件数量保持最少，以提高系统的可靠性。

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