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首页> 外文期刊>Atmospheric chemistry and physics >Global sea-to-air flux climatology for bromoform, dibromomethane and methyl iodide
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Global sea-to-air flux climatology for bromoform, dibromomethane and methyl iodide

机译：溴仿，二溴甲烷和甲基碘的全球海空通气气候

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Volatile halogenated organic compounds containing bromine and iodine, whichare naturally produced in the ocean, are involved in ozone depletion in boththe troposphere and stratosphere. Three prominent compounds transportinglarge amounts of marine halogens into the atmosphere are bromoform (CHBr3),dibromomethane (CH2Br2) and methyl iodide (CH3I). The input of marinehalogens to the stratosphere has been estimated from observations andmodelling studies using low-resolution oceanic emission scenarios derived fromtop-down approaches. In order to improve emission inventory estimates, wecalculate data-based high resolution global sea-to-air flux estimates ofthese compounds from surface observations within the HalOcAt (Halocarbons in the Oceanand Atmosphere) database(href="https://halocat.geomar.de/"target="_blank">https://halocat.geomar.de/). Global maps of marine and atmospheric surfaceconcentrations are derived from the data which are divided into coastal,shelf and open ocean regions. Considering physical and biogeochemicalcharacteristics of ocean and atmosphere, the open ocean water and atmospheredata are classified into 21 regions. The available data are interpolated ontoa 1°×1° grid while missing grid values are interpolated with latitudinal andlongitudinal dependent regression techniques reflecting the compounds'distributions. With the generated surface concentration climatologies for theocean and atmosphere, global sea-to-air concentration gradients andsea-to-air fluxes are calculated. Based on these calculations we estimate atotal global flux of 1.5/2.5 Gmol Br yr?1 for CHBr3, 0.78/0.98 Gmol Br yr?1for CH2Br2 and 1.24/1.45 Gmol Br yr?1 for CH3I (robust fit/ordinary leastsquares regression techniques). Contrary to recent studies, negative fluxesoccur in each sea-to-air flux climatology, mainly in the Arctic and Antarcticregions. "Hot spots" for global polybromomethane emissions are located in theequatorial region, whereas methyl iodide emissions are enhanced in thesubtropical gyre regions. Inter-annual and seasonal variation is containedwithin our flux calculations for all three compounds. Compared to earlierstudies, our global fluxes are at the lower end of estimates, especially forbromoform. An under-representation of coastal emissions and of extreme eventsin our estimate might explain the mismatch between our bottom-up emissionestimate and top-down approaches.
机译：海洋中天然产生的含有溴和碘的挥发性卤代有机化合物，涉及对流层和平流层中的臭氧消耗。将大量海洋卤素转移到大气中的三种主要化合物是溴仿（CHBr 3 ），二溴甲烷（CH 2 Br 2 ）和甲基碘（ CH 3 I）。通过使用自上而下的方法得出的低分辨率海洋排放情景，通过观测和建模研究估算了平流层中的海洋卤素投入。为了改善排放清单估算，我们从HalOcAt（海洋和大气中的卤代烃）数据库（href =“ https://halocat.com）中的地面观测结果中，对这些化合物进行了基于数据的高分辨率全球海-空通量估算。 geomar.de/"target="_blank">https://halocat.geomar.de/ ）。全球海洋和大气表面浓度图是从数据中得出的，这些数据分为沿海，陆架和公海区域。考虑到海洋和大气的物理和生物地球化学特征，将开放的海洋水和大气数据分为21个区域。可用数据插值到1°×1°栅格上，而缺失的栅格值通过反映化合物分布的经纬度和经度依赖性回归技术进行插值。利用海洋和大气产生的表面浓度气候，可以计算出全球海洋对空气的浓度梯度和海洋对空气的通量。根据这些计算，我们估计CHBr 3 的总总通量为1.5 / 2.5 Gmol Br yr ？1 ，0.78 / 0.98 Gmol Br yr ？1 CH 2 Br 2 和CH 3 I的1.24 / 1.45 Gmol Br yr ？1 （稳健） /普通最小二乘回归技术）。与最近的研究相反，负磁通量在每种海气通量气候中都出现，主要在北极和南极地区。全球多溴甲烷排放的“热点”位于赤道区域，而亚热带回旋区域的甲基碘排放增加。所有三种化合物的通量计算中都包含年际和季节变化。与早期的研究相比，我们的总体通量处于估计值的较低端，尤其是溴甲烷。在我们的估计中，沿海排放量和极端事件的代表性不足，可能解释了自下而上的排放估算与自上而下的估算方法之间的不匹配。

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