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首页> 外文期刊>Atmospheric chemistry and physics >Global sea-to-air flux climatology for bromoform, dibromomethane and methyl iodide
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Global sea-to-air flux climatology for bromoform, dibromomethane and methyl iodide

机译：用于溴血管，二溴甲烷和甲基碘的全球海上空气通量气候学

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摘要

Volatile halogenated organic compounds containing bromine and iodine, which are naturally produced in the ocean, are involved in ozone depletion in both the troposphere and stratosphere. Three prominent compounds transporting large amounts of marine halogens into the atmosphere are bromoform (CHBr3), dibromomethane (CH2Br2) and methyl iodide (CH3I). The input of marine halogens to the stratosphere has been estimated from observations and modelling studies using low-resolution oceanic emission scenarios derived from top-down approaches. In order to improve emission inventory estimates, we calculate data-based high resolution global sea-to-air flux estimates of these compounds from surface observations within the HalOcAt (Halocarbons in the Ocean and Atmosphere) database (hrefCombining double low line"https://halocat. geomar.de/"targetCombining double low line" blank">https:// halocat.geomar.de/). Global maps of marine and atmospheric surface concentrations are derived from the data which are divided into coastal, shelf and open ocean regions. Considering physical and biogeochemical characteristics of ocean and atmosphere, the open ocean water and atmosphere data are classified into 21 regions. The available data are interpolated onto a 1 ×1 grid while missing grid values are interpolated with latitudinal and longitudinal dependent regression techniques reflecting the compounds' distributions. With the generated surface concentration climatologies for the ocean and atmosphere, global sea-to-air concentration gradients and sea-to-air fluxes are calculated. Based on these calculations we estimate a total global flux of 1.5/2.5 Gmol Br yr-1 for CHBr3, 0.78/0.98 Gmol Br yr-1 for CH2Br2 and 1.24/1.45 Gmol Br yr-1 for CH3I (robust fit/ordinary least squares regression techniques). Contrary to recent studies, negative fluxes occur in each sea-to-air flux climatology, mainly in the Arctic and Antarctic regions. "Hot spots" for global polybromomethane emissions are located in the equatorial region, whereas methyl iodide emissions are enhanced in the subtropical gyre regions. Inter-annual and seasonal variation is contained within our flux calculations for all three compounds. Compared to earlier studies, our global fluxes are at the lower end of estimates, especially for bromoform. An under-representation of coastal emissions and of extreme events in our estimate might explain the mismatch between our bottom-up emission estimate and top-down approaches.
机译：含有在海洋中天然产生的溴和碘的挥发性卤化有机化合物在对流层和平流层中涉及臭氧消耗。将大量海洋卤素输送到大气中的三种突出化合物是溴常规（CHBR3），二溴甲烷（CH2BR2）和甲基碘（CH 3 1）。使用从自上而下方法衍生的低分辨率海洋发射场景，估计海洋卤素对平流层的输入。为了改善排放库存估计，我们从哈洛达特（海洋和大气中卤素质）数据库（ https：// halocat.geomar.de/

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  • 来源
    《Atmospheric chemistry and physics》 |2013年第17期|共20页
  • 作者

    Ziska F.; Quack B.; Abrahamsson K.; Archer S.D.; Atlas E.; Bell T.; Butler J.H.; Carpenter L.J.; Jones C.E.; Harris N.R.P.; Hepach H.; Heumann K.G.; Hughes C.; Kuss J.; Krüger K.; Liss P.; Moore R.M.; Orlikowska A.; Raimund S.; Reeves C.E.; Reifenh?user W.; Robinson A.D.; Schall C.; Tanhua T.; Tegtmeier S.;

  • 作者单位

    GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum F?ur Ozeanforschung Kiel Kiel Germany;

    GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum F?ur Ozeanforschung Kiel Kiel Germany;

    Department of Analytical and Marine Chemistry Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg University Gothenburg Sweden;

    Plymouth Marine Laboratory Plymouth PMI Plymouth United Kingdom;

    Marine and Atmospheric Chemistry Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science University of Miami Miami United States;

    Department of Earth System Science University of California UCI Irvine United States;

    Earth System Research Laboratory Global Monitoring Division ESRL/NOAA Boulder United States;

    Department of Chemistry University of York York YO10 5DD United Kingdom;

    Department of Chemistry University of York York YO10 5DD United Kingdom;

    Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1EW UK Cambridge United Kingdom;

    GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum F?ur Ozeanforschung Kiel Kiel Germany;

    Institut F?ur Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie Johannes Gutenberg-Universi?at JGU Mainz Germany;

    Laboratory for Global Marine and Atmospheric Chemistry University of East Anglia LGMAC/UEA Norwich United Kingdom;

    Institut F?ur Ostseeforschung Warnem?unde IOW Rostock-Warnem?unde Germany;

    GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum F?ur Ozeanforschung Kiel Kiel Germany;

    School of Environmental Science University of East Anglia Norwich United Kingdom;

    Department of Oceanography Dalhousie University Halifax B3H 4R2 Canada;

    Institut F?ur Ostseeforschung Warnem?unde IOW Rostock-Warnem?unde Germany;

    GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum F?ur Ozeanforschung Kiel Kiel Germany;

    School of Environmental Science University of East Anglia Norwich United Kingdom;

    Bayerisches Landesamt F?ur Umwelt Augsburg Germany;

    Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1EW UK Cambridge United Kingdom;

    Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland GmbH Frankfurterstra?e 6-8 66606 St. Wendel Germany;

    GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum F?ur Ozeanforschung Kiel Kiel Germany;

    GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum F?ur Ozeanforschung Kiel Kiel Germany;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 大气科学（气象学）;
  • 关键词

    flux; climatology; bromoform;

    机译：助气;气候学;菠萝族;

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