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首页> 外文期刊>Atmospheric chemistry and physics >How have both cultivation and warming influenced annual global isoprene and monoterpene emissions since the preindustrial era?
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How have both cultivation and warming influenced annual global isoprene and monoterpene emissions since the preindustrial era?

机译：自工业化前时代以来，耕种和变暖对全球每年异戊二烯和单萜的排放有何影响？

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To examine the influence of both crop cultivation and surface airtemperatures (SATs) on annual global isoprene and monoterpene emissions,which can lead to the formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOAs), wesimulated, on a monthly basis, the annual emissions of volatile organiccompounds (VOCs) during the period 1854–2000. The model estimates werebased on historical climate data such as SATs, and downward solar radiation(DSR) reproduced with an atmospheric-ocean circulation model, as well as atime series of the global distribution of cropland (to test the hypothesisthat conversion of forests into croplands lowers emissions). The simulationsdemonstrated that global SAT, DSR, the combination of SAT and DSR, and theexpansion of cropland all affected emissions. The effect of croplandexpansion (i.e., forest conversion) on annual emissions during this periodwas larger for isoprene (~7% reduction on a global scale) than formonoterpenes (~2% reduction), mainly because of the reduction inbroadleaf evergreen forests (BEFs) in Southeast Asia, which have the highestand most constant emissions of isoprene and where both temperature andradiation are high all year round. The reduction in the Amazon region and inparts of Africa, which are other primary sources of annual global isopreneemissions, but where the conversion of BEF to cropland has been much smallerthan in Southeast Asia, was less remarkable, probably because the broadleafdeciduous forests and C4 grasslands in these areas have lower and seasonalemissions; hence, their conversion has less effect. On the other hand, thedifference in the emission factors (ε) between cropland and theother vegetation types was much lower for monoterpenes than for isoprene,although the ε for cropland was generally the lowest for bothcompounds. Thus, the expansion of cropland also contributed to the reductionin monoterpene emissions to some degree, but had less effect. A ~5%increase in emissions due to rising SAT was more than offset by the decreasein isoprene emissions and a concurrent ~2% reduction caused by adecrease in DSR. Overall, annual global isoprene emissions in 2000 werelower than in 1854 by 13 TgC yr?1, whereas annual global monoterpeneemissions were higher by 2.3 TgC yr?1.
机译：为了研究作物种植和地面气温（SATs）对年度全球异戊二烯和单萜排放的影响，这些排放可能导致形成次级有机气溶胶（SOA），我们每月模拟一次挥发性有机化合物的年度排放量（ 1854-2000年）。该模型估算基于诸如SAT的历史气候数据，以及通过大气-海洋环流模型复制的向下太阳辐射（DSR），以及耕地的全球分布的时间序列（以检验森林向耕地的转化率降低的假设）排放）。模拟表明，全球SAT，DSR，SAT和DSR的组合以及农田的扩张都影响排放。在此期间，异戊二烯的耕地扩展（即森林转换）对年排放量的影响（在全球范围内减少约7％）比单萜类（约减少2％）更大，这主要是因为该国阔叶常绿森林（BEFs）减少了。东南亚的异戊二烯排放量最高，最恒定，并且全年的温度和辐射都很高。亚马逊地区和非洲部分地区的减少是每年全球等值异地降水的其他主要来源，但是BEF向农田的转化比东南亚要小得多，但减少的幅度并不那么显着，这可能是因为非洲阔叶落叶林和C4草原这些地区的排放量和季节排放较低;因此，它们的转换影响较小。另一方面，单萜类的农田和其他植被类型之间的排放因子（ε）的差异要比异戊二烯低得多，尽管两种化合物的农田中ε的最低值。因此，农田的扩张在一定程度上也有助于减少单萜的排放，但效果却不大。 SAT升高导致排放量增加约5％，这被异戊二烯排放量的减少以及DSR减少引起的同时约2％的减少所抵消。总体而言，2000年全球异戊二烯年排放量比1854年低13 TgC yr 1 ，而全球单萜年排放量则高2.3 TgC yr 1 。

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