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首页> 外文期刊>Atmospheric chemistry and physics >How have both cultivation and warming influenced annual global isoprene and monoterpene emissions since the preindustrial era?
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How have both cultivation and warming influenced annual global isoprene and monoterpene emissions since the preindustrial era?

机译：自工业化时代以来，耕种和变暖对全球每年异戊二烯和单萜的排放有何影响？

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To examine the influence of both crop cultivation and surface air temperatures (SATs) on annual global isoprene and monoterpene emissions, which can lead to the formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOAs), we simulated, on a monthly basis, the annual emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during the period 1854-2000. The model estimates were based on historical climate data such as SATs, and downward solar radiation (DSR) reproduced with an atmospheric-ocean circulation model, as well as a time series of the global distribution of cropland (to test the hypothesis that conversion of forests into croplands lowers emissions). The simulations demonstrated that global SAT, DSR, the combination of SAT and DSR, and the expansion of cropland all affected emissions. The effect of cropland expansion (i.e., forest conversion) on annual emissions during this period was larger for isoprene (~7% reduction on a global scale) than for monoterpenes (~2% reduction), mainly because of the reduction in broadleaf evergreen forests (BEFs) in Southeast Asia, which have the highest and most constant emissions of isoprene and where both temperature and radiation are high all year round. The reduction in the Amazon region and in parts of Africa, which are other primary sources of annual global isoprene emissions, but where the conversion of BEF to cropland has been much smaller than in Southeast Asia, was less remarkable, probably because the broadleaf deciduous forests and C4 grasslands in these areas have lower and seasonal emissions; hence, their conversion has less effect. On the other hand, the difference in the emission factors (η) between cropland and the other vegetation types was much lower for monoterpenes than for isoprene, although the η for cropland was generally the lowest for both compounds. Thus, the expansion of cropland also contributed to the reduction in monoterpene emissions to some degree, but had less effect. A ~5% increase in emissions due to rising SAT was more than offset by the decrease in isoprene emissions and a concurrent ~2% reduction caused by a decrease in DSR. Overall, annual global isoprene emissions in 2000 were lower than in 1854 by 13 TgC yrg ~(-1), whereas annual global monoterpene emissions were higher by 2.3 TgC yrg ~(-1).
机译：为了研究作物种植和地表空气温度（SAT）对年度全球异戊二烯和单萜排放的影响，这些排放可能导致形成二次有机气溶胶（SOA），我们每月模拟一次挥发物的年度排放1854-2000年期间的有机化合物（VOC）。该模型估算是基于历史气候数据（例如SAT）和通过大气-海洋环流模型复制的向下太阳辐射（DSR）以及耕地的全球分布的时间序列（以检验森林转化的假设）进入农田可降低排放）。模拟表明，全球SAT，DSR，SAT和DSR的结合以及农田的扩张都影响排放。在此期间，异戊二烯（在全球范围内减少约7％）对农田年均排放量（即森林转换）的影响大于单萜（减少约2％），这主要是因为阔叶常绿森林减少了（BEFs）在东南亚，异戊二烯的排放量最高且最稳定，而且全年的温度和辐射都很高。亚马逊地区和非洲部分地区的减少量是全球每年异戊二烯排放的其他主要来源，但BEF向农田的转化比东南亚要小得多，但减少幅度不那么显着，这可能是因为阔叶落叶林这些地区的C4草原具有较低的季节性排放量;因此，它们的转换影响较小。另一方面，单萜类植物的农田和其他植被类型之间的排放因子（η）的差异要比异戊二烯低得多，尽管两种化合物的农田中的η通常最低。因此，耕地面积的扩大在一定程度上也有助于减少单萜的排放，但效果不大。 SAT升高导致排放量增加约5％，这被异戊二烯排放量的减少以及DSR减少导致的约2％的减少所抵消。总体而言，2000年全球异戊二烯年排放量比1854年低13 TgC yrg〜（-1），而全球单萜年排放量则高2.3 TgC yrg〜（-1）。

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