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首页> 外文期刊>Australian Journal of Crop Science >Annual intercrops: an alternative pathway for sustainable agriculture
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Annual intercrops: an alternative pathway for sustainable agriculture

机译：年度间作：可持续农业的替代途径

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Intercropping, the agricultural practice of cultivating two or more crops in the same space at the same time, is an old and commonly used cropping practice which aims to match efficiently crop demands to the available growth resources and labor. The most common advantage of intercropping is the production of greater yield on a given piece of land by making more efficient use of the available growth resources using a mixture of crops of different rooting ability, canopy structure, height, and nutrient requirements based on the complementary utilization of growth resources by the component crops. Moreover, intercropping improves soil fertility through biological nitrogen fixation with the use of legumes, increases soil conservation through greater ground cover than sole cropping, and provides better lodging resistance for crops susceptible to lodging than when grown in monoculture. Intercrops often reduce pest incidence and improve forage quality by increasing crude protein yield of forage. Intercropping provides insurance against crop failure or against unstable market prices for a given commodity, especially in areas subject to extreme weather conditions such as frost, drought, and flood. Thus, it offers greater financial stability than sole cropping, which makes the system particularly suitable for labor-intensive small farms. Besides, intercropping allows lower inputs through reduced fertilizer and pesticide requirements, thus minimizing environmental impacts of agriculture. However, intercropping has some disadvantages such as the selection of the appropriate crop species and the appropriate sowing densities, including extra work in preparing and planting the seed mixture and also extra work during crop management practices, including harvest. The selection of an appropriate intercropping system for each case is quite complex as the success of intercropping systems depend much on the interactions between the component species, the available management practices, and the environmental conditions. Plant breeding can contribute determinedly to increase of productivity of intercropping systems by investigating and exploiting the genetic variability to intercrop adaptation. This paper provides an overall view and evaluation of annual intercropping, summarizing its main advantages supported by a number of key examples from the literature which point out its great value in the context of sustainable agriculture.
机译：间作是一种在同一空间内同时种植两种或多种农作物的农业实践，它是一种古老且常用的耕作方法，旨在使作物需求与可用的生长资源和劳动力有效地匹配。间作最常见的优势是，通过补充不同生根能力，冠层结构，身高和养分需求的农作物混合物，更有效地利用可用的生长资源，从而在给定的一块土地上提高产量成分作物对生长资源的利用。此外，间作通过使用豆类作物通过生物固氮提高土壤肥力，通过比单独种植更大的地被覆盖面积来增加土壤保护，并为易倒伏的农作物提供比单种栽培更好的抗倒伏能力。间作作物通常通过增加草料的粗蛋白产量来减少害虫的发生并提高草料质量。间作可以为特定商品提供防止作物歉收或市场价格不稳定的保险，特别是在遭受霜冻，干旱和洪水等极端天气条件的地区。因此，与单独种植相比，它提供了更好的财务稳定性，这使得该系统特别适合于劳动密集型的小型农场。此外，间作可通过减少肥料和杀虫剂的需求来减少投入，从而最大程度地减少农业对环境的影响。然而，间作具有一些缺点，例如选择合适的作物种类和合适的播种密度，包括准备和种植种子混合物的额外工作，以及包括收获在内的作物管理实践的额外工作。为每种情况选择合适的间作系统非常复杂，因为间作系统的成功在很大程度上取决于组成物种，可用管理实践和环境条件之间的相互作用。通过研究和利用作物间作适应性的遗传变异性，植物育种可以为提高间作系统的生产力做出决定性贡献。本文提供了年度间作的总体观点和评价，总结了其主要优势，并从文献中的许多关键例子中得到了支持，指出了其在可持续农业背景下的巨大价值。

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