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How could stress lead to major depressive disorder?

机译：压力如何导致严重的抑郁症？

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Stress is associated with major depressive disorder (MDD), but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. However, some experiences, referred to as stress, may actually lead to resilience. It is thus critical first to define what type of stress may lead to MDD. Long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) are both sensitive to stress, but particularly to inescapable and not escapable stress. Thus, these are the psychological aspects of stress which contribute to the development of MDD, but by which mechanisms remains still elusive. Interestingly, the same stress may facilitate LTD and impair LTP in the CA1 region. In addition, repeated efforts are often required for learning under neutral conditions but single- or few learning trials are sufficient for forming stress-related memories. If LTP is crucial for normal learning, a combination of limited LTP and facilitated LTD appears to have higher efficiency for storing stress-related memories. Chronic psychological stress may cause a hyper-link among stress-related memories across the spatiotemporal due to shared quality of inescapability, leading to automatically negative appraisal through memory generalization mechanisms in MDD patients when encountering new distinct events which are perceived to share such similarity with previous experiences.
机译：压力与重度抑郁症（MDD）相关，但潜在的机制仍然难以捉摸。但是，某些经历（称为压力）实际上可能导致恢复力。因此，至关重要的是首先确定哪种类型的压力可能导致MDD。长期增强（LTP）和长期抑郁（LTD）都对压力敏感，但尤其对不可避免的和不可逃避的压力敏感。因此，这些是压力的心理方面，这些方面有助于MDD的发展，但通过这些机制仍然难以捉摸。有趣的是，相同的压力可能会促进LTD并损害CA1地区的LTP。此外，在中性条件下进行学习通常需要反复努力，但是一次或几次学习试验就足以形成与压力相关的记忆。如果LTP对于正常学习至关重要，则有限的LTP和便利的LTD的组合似乎具有更高的存储压力相关记忆的效率。由于无法共享的质量，慢性心理压力可能会导致跨时空的与压力相关的记忆之间的超链接，从而导致MDD患者在遇到新的明显事件时，会通过记忆泛化机制自动进行负面评估，这些新事件被认为与以前的记忆具有相似性经验。

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