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Evaluation of Temperature and Humidity Profiles of Unified Model and ECMWF Analyses Using GRUAN Radiosonde Observations

机译：利用GRUAN探空仪观测资料评估统一模型和ECMWF分析的温湿度曲线

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Temperature and water vapor profiles from the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) and the United Kingdom Met Office (UKMO) Unified Model (UM) data assimilation systems and from reanalysis fields from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) were assessed using collocated radiosonde observations from the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) Reference Upper-Air Network (GRUAN) for January–December 2012. The motivation was to examine the overall performance of data assimilation outputs. The difference statistics of the collocated model outputs versus the radiosonde observations indicated a good agreement for the temperature, amongst datasets, while less agreement was found for the relative humidity. A comparison of the UM outputs from the UKMO and KMA revealed that they are similar to each other. The introduction of the new version of UM into the KMA in May 2012 resulted in an improved analysis performance, particularly for the moisture field. On the other hand, ECMWF reanalysis data showed slightly reduced performance for relative humidity compared with the UM, with a significant humid bias in the upper troposphere. ECMWF reanalysis temperature fields showed nearly the same performance as the two UM analyses. The root mean square differences (RMSDs) of the relative humidity for the three models were larger for more humid conditions, suggesting that humidity forecasts are less reliable under these conditions.
机译：使用以下方法评估了来自韩国气象局（KMA）和英国气象局（UKMO）统一模型（UM）数据同化系统以及来自欧洲中距离天气预报中心（ECMWF）的再分析场的温度和水汽剖面将来自全球气候观测系统（GCOS）参考高空网络（GRUAN）在2012年1月至12月的无线电探空仪观测资料并置在一起。其目的是检查数据同化输出的整体性能。并置模型输出与探空仪观测值之间的差异统计数据表明，在数据集中，温度之间的一致性很好，而相对湿度方面的一致性则较小。对UKMO和KMA的UM输出进行比较后发现，它们彼此相似。 2012年5月，将新版本的UM引入KMA，从而提高了分析性能，尤其是在水分领域。另一方面，ECMWF重新分析数据显示，相对湿度与UM相比，性能略有下降，对流层上部的湿度明显偏高。 ECMWF重新分析温度场显示出与两次UM分析几乎相同的性能。这三个模型的相对湿度的均方根差（RMSDs）在较潮湿的条件下会更大，这表明在这些条件下湿度预测的可靠性较差。

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