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The management of cancer in the elderly: targeted therapies in oncology

机译：老年人癌症的治疗：肿瘤学的靶向治疗

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Cancer is universally considered a disease of ageing. Today the management of elderly cancer patients poses many specific problems and it should be revisited in the light of the most recent advances in both diagnosis and treatment of human malignancies. In particular, the potential use of novel therapeutic options, based on therapeutic agents raised against molecular targets (the so called targeted therapy), appears to be promising in this clinical settings especially in view of the limited side-effects. The mainstays of cancer treatment during the twentieth century were surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. However, surgery is not curative in metastatic disease, radiation and chemotherapy are limited by side effects because they can't discriminate between healthy and cancerous cells. When key molecular changes responsible for malignant transformation were identified (e.g. growth factors and their receptors), it was hoped that new targeted agents, by inhibiting cancer-specific pathways, would spare normal cells and thereby offer improved safety benefits and a higher therapeutic index over standard chemotherapeutics. The most common targeted therapies used in clinical practice, i.e. monoclonal antibodies and small molecules, are described.
机译：癌症被普遍认为是老龄化疾病。如今，老年癌症患者的治疗提出了许多具体问题，应结合人类恶性肿瘤的诊断和治疗的最新进展重新审视这一问题。特别地，基于针对分子靶标的治疗剂（所谓的靶向疗法），潜在地使用新的治疗选择似乎在这种临床环境中是有希望的，特别是考虑到副作用有限。二十世纪癌症治疗的主要手段是手术，放射和化学疗法。但是，手术不能治愈转移性疾病，放疗和化疗受副作用的限制，因为它们无法区分健康细胞和癌细胞。当确定了导致恶性转化的关键分子变化（例如生长因子及其受体）时，人们希望新的靶向药物通过抑制癌症特异性途径，可以保留正常细胞，从而提供更好的安全性和更高的治疗指数。标准化学疗法。描述了临床实践中最常用的靶向疗法，即单克隆抗体和小分子。

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